Who Owns the Sky?: Our Common Assets And The Future Of Capitalism
Average customer rating: 4 out of 5 stars
  • Corporations Own the Sky?
  • Creative ways of making clean air a sustainable business
  • Don't waste your time and/or money
  • A Way Out For George Bush ?
  • A brainstorm of workable solutions
Who Owns the Sky?: Our Common Assets And The Future Of Capitalism
Peter Barnes
Manufacturer: Island Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 1559638559

Book Description

Global warming has finally made clear the true costs of using our atmosphere as a giant sponge to soak up unwanted by-products of industrial activity. As nations, businesses, and citizens seek workable yet fair solutions for reducing carbon emissions, the question of who should pay -- and how -- looms large. Yet the surprising truth is that a system for protecting the atmosphere could be devised that would yield cash benefits to us all.

In Who Owns the Sky?, visionary entrepreneur Peter Barnes redefines the debate about the costs and benefits of addressing climate change. He proposes a market-based institution called a Sky Trust that would set limits on carbon emissions and pay dividends to all of us, who collectively own the atmosphere as a commons. The Trust would be funded by requiring polluters to pay for the right to emit carbon dioxide, and managed by a non-governmental agency. Dividends would be paid annually, in much the same way that residents of Alaska today receive cash benefits from oil companies that drill in their state.

Employing the same spirit of innovation that brought millions of dollars to the nonprofit sector through his company Working Assets, Barnes sets forth a practical new approach to protecting our shared inheritance -- not only the atmosphere, but water, forests, and other life-sustaining and economically valuable common resources. He shows how we can use markets and property rights to preserve and share the vast wealth around us, allowing us not only to profit from it, but to pass it on, undiminished, to future generations.

Who Owns the Sky? is a remarkable look at the future of our economy, one in which we can retain capitalism's virtues while mitigating its vices. Peter Barnes draws on his personal experience as a successful entrepreneur to offer viable solutions to some of our most pressing environmental and social concerns.

Customer Reviews:

4 out of 5 stars Corporations Own the Sky?.......2003-04-24

In the book, Who Owns the Sky?, Peter Barnes makes a compelling and interesting theoretical argument of the need to address a systematic problem, which is how to allocate common resources and issue them a value in a manner congruent to capitalism. Barnes's revelation examines the idea of the putting a price on our common assets (natural resources) through our capitalistic market ideals. The market, therefore, would set prices on natural resources that the common people of our country have inherited through mutual ownership, and use the ideas of the market to charge for the use and exploitation of the resources. This idea of placing ownership of natural resources into a common trust is Barnes's most dynamic point or theory. His theory basically would charge anyone (mainly corporations) exploiting the resources and give the money back to the people in dividends. The companies that are environmentally sound would also be given subsidies for taking the effort reduce resource use or degradation.
A trust is a legally supported concept of an entity designed to hold and manage assets or in this case natural resources for the well being of the people, the beneficiaries. Barnes uses this democratic idea in a modern way where resources and their value can be assimilated into capitalism without throwing off the market. His catastrophic finding is that people will benefit from dividends and more importantly the wealth and health of environment will become sustainable through the market. This theoretical scheme seems like a solution that would the allow the environment and capitalism to mutually coexist in some form of harmony, which almost seems like an oxymoron.
This book was an excellent road map for a feasible change in democracy for the better. Capitalism would be able to continue thriving, the environment could begin thriving, and the people of this democracy would actually get rewarded in a fair way for the abstinence in resource use and abuse. However, my optimism in Barnes's theory is minute because of the corporation's ability to act as such a catalyst in the government's decision making. Corporations have so much money that I find it hard to believe Barnes's theory is highly plausible. The corporations will use every mechanism in the book including, lobbying, donations to high government officials, and mass communication to disable the theory of a general trust that would take money from the rich and give to the poor.
The last argument against Barnes's theory of a general trust is the idea of capitalism in itself. Big government involvement is a taboo issue where less is more. The idea of a trust is seen as a socialist idea where the government intervenes with the innocent corporations in attempt to play good cop, bad cop.
Who Owns the Sky?, is an incredible book with magnificent ideas, but the answer to the question of who owns the sky is simple. As of right now the corporations do and to change that would take more than a theory that benefits the people as a whole, but rather a theory that somehow benefits the driving force of the market, the corporations.

4 out of 5 stars Creative ways of making clean air a sustainable business.......2003-04-22

Who Owns the Sky presented a very ambitious plan for conserving the atmosphere. In this book Peter Barnes looked at earth's atmosphere as a valuable commodity that everyone owns. In many ways this argument made sense. Everyone uses air, so everyone should consider it important. Barnes explained many reasons why too much carbon secretion is disturbing the climate, not to mention the life on earth. If we need clean air to maintain quality life then the people polluting the air should pay for their damage. Writing in a time dominated by capitalism, it was not far fetched to associate ecological toll on a natural resource to a monetary tax being placed on polluters. All humans and other life needs air therefore there is already a natural sense that one should protect something that is vital to life. Barnes used the association of air as common property to all to be guarded with expensive fines for those who threaten that property. This will convince non-conservationists that the atmosphere is a resource that is valuable.
What is the Sky Trust? The Sky Trust is Barnes' economic investment system that sells rights to polluters and distributes the revenue to all citizens equally. This is one kind of cap-and-trade system that will best relate the energy companies responsible for pollution with the government and its citizens. Shareholders are all equal. All citizens are shareholders. Shares are not transferable. The Sky Trust will be a transparent pseudo mutual fund in which all shareholders will see where every dollar goes. The Sky Trust will affect consumers according to how much impact they have on the atmosphere. This will be measured in the amount of energy a consumer gets from carbon burning sources. The tax paid by the energy companies to the Sky Trust will be transferred to the consumer. This means the people driving SUV's will have to pay more because they need to buy more fuel to run their vehicle.
There are some serious questions that some people have about how the Sky Trust would work. My first one just happens to be the title of this book. Who is to say that the citizens of the United States own the sky? Sky is property of commons, in order to ration does some kind of ownership needs to take place? Why now? What is an accurate economic value to some huge space of gas? What will the effects be on the U.S. and Global economy? When the extra cost of the Sky Trust tax is passed onto the consumer who will be left out and what businesses will die? Entering all the extra charges onto every good and service might collapse the economy.
Barnes does have a working example of his plan, in the Alaskan Permanent fund. This program showed me that there could be good effects to government-organized sale of natural resources. The idea to create an investment portfolio that will outlive the natural resource, while at the same time getting the most money for a scarce resource to discourage overuse is very positive. The positive effects of the Alaskan Permanent Fund also apply to the Sky Trust. If Sky Trust money is entitled to the citizens of the U.S. then they can decide how they want to spend this extra money. Families will benefit from the tax advantages and an opportunity to start a savings because it will provide opportunities that would not be possible before. Parents that are trying to save for their children's college education will be able to give their next generation more of a chance for social and economic advancement than they had. Entrepreneurs will be able to have the capital it takes to get a small business off the ground.
I really like the idea that Barnes advances that sustainable business is possible. He talked about changing the DNA of business to be more socially conscious. Business should view giving back to the community as crucial to the business cycle. It is simple for businesses to make small philanthropic contributions but it is quite another thing to factor in the effects to the community and the environment on level terms with the dollars and cents of the bottom line. I like the ideas in Who Owns the Sky, but I question the feasibility. I would recommend this book to anyone interested in ways of changing the institutions of society to preserve the world's riches while creating social harmony

1 out of 5 stars Don't waste your time and/or money.......2003-04-01

As an economics student, this book makes NO sense whatsoever. His ideas are SO far fetched it almost looks as though it is a sci-fi book. Whoever gave it 5 stars must not know how capitalism really works, and how gov't works. It was so off base that I don't even know where to begin. As soon as you read the into and the first chapter you'll notice that the author's propositions are whimsical at best. One thing is caring about our environment (I do), but to create this NGO (Non-Gov't org) to collect environemntal taxation is one of the most nonsensical ideas I've ever heard! Just do yourself a favor and don't buy this book, that is, unless you really want to make the author rich and make yourself miserable.

5 out of 5 stars A Way Out For George Bush ?.......2001-10-23

Review of ‘Who Owns The Sky’ by Peter Barnes pub Island Press 2001

Chris Rose

This is a great little book that should be read by any environmentalist who really wants to save the atmosphere. Original and iconoclastic, its main fault is that it is so packed with big and new ideas so that it is in danger of being overlooked as too complicated.

Really it should be called ‘Let’s Own The Sky’ as it’s a rationale and rallying cry to take the common asset of the sky into common (as distinct from state) ownership. Barnes suggests a way to get Americans (or anyone) to take a stake in the sky as a waste disposal resource, and then charge for polluting it. Americans want to protect the climate says Barnes, but only if they can do so without any economic pain. Done right, via a ‘sky trust,’ Barnes says, would be a money-earner for most. Result – incentives to pollute less.

In the Barnes plan a Sky Trust would be funded by emission permits sold to energy companies at the top of the ‘carbon chain.’ The revenues would be paid out to citizens in equal dividends, like the Alaska Permanent Fund does with that State’s oil revenues.

Barnes is an entrepreneur with impeccable capitalist if Californian credentials. He has proposed a cap-and-trade system which charges polluters rather than handing out emission rights for nothing. As such it might appeal to less-government libertarians and egalitarian environmentalists alike.

...and you can get a notional non-transfer-able share of America’s sky. Barnes has a blueprint but is it a Bushprint ? Where else though is George Bush to go if he is to regain any credibility on the climate, after rashly rejecting the Kyoto Protocol, the climate treaty accepted by every other nation ? America needs some fresh thinking and this might be it.

5 out of 5 stars A brainstorm of workable solutions.......2001-10-10

Who Owns The Sky?: Our Common Assets And The Future Of Capitalism offers opinions and economical solutions to the complex problem of global warming. Author Peter Barnes (cofounder and president ofthe socially responsibile telephone company "Working Assets") argues persuasively in favor of treating the sky as a commonly owned asset, through a non-governmental Sky Trust that would charge rent for carbon emissions and pay equal yearly dividends, which would make the burden easier to bear for workers and firms that have the most difficult transition to a lower-carbon economy. A unique melding of capitalism, enlightened self-interest, environmentalism, and hope for the future, Who Owns The Sky? is just what the world needs most - a brainstorm of workable solutions to one of the potentially most monumental of global environmental problems.
The Sky Winter Nights (a course for young people who want to ge acquainted with the starry sky through their own observations, Pamphlet 2)
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    The Sky Winter Nights (a course for young people who want to ge acquainted with the starry sky through their own observations, Pamphlet 2)
    Louise Brown
    Manufacturer: The Womens Press
    ProductGroup: Book
    Binding: Pamphlet

    AstronomyAstronomy | Astronomy | Science | Subjects | Books
    ASIN: B000R3WNE6
    Sky's the limit: downtown developers pin hopes on high-rise dwellings.(Who owns Colorado): An article from: ColoradoBiz
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      Sky's the limit: downtown developers pin hopes on high-rise dwellings.(Who owns Colorado): An article from: ColoradoBiz
      Stephen Titus
      Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Digital
      ASIN: B000EHS8R6
      Release Date: 2006-02-07

      Book Description

      This digital document is an article from ColoradoBiz, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2006. The length of the article is 2323 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

      Citation Details
      Title: Sky's the limit: downtown developers pin hopes on high-rise dwellings.(Who owns Colorado)
      Author: Stephen Titus
      Publication: ColoradoBiz (Magazine/Journal)
      Date: January 1, 2006
      Publisher: Thomson Gale
      Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Page: 54(4)

      Distributed by Thomson Gale
      Who Owns the Sky? : An article from: The Ecologist
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        Who Owns the Sky? : An article from: The Ecologist

        Manufacturer: Ecosystems Limited
        ProductGroup: Book
        Binding: Digital
        ASIN: B000BCVLPK
        Release Date: 2005-09-09
        The Sky Winter Nights (a course for young people who want to ge acquainted with the starry sky through their own observations, Pamphlet 2)
        Average customer rating: Not rated
          The Sky Winter Nights (a course for young people who want to ge acquainted with the starry sky through their own observations, Pamphlet 2)
          Louise Brown
          Manufacturer: The Womens Press
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Pamphlet
          ASIN: B000R3WNAK

          High Performance Collaboration : The 10 Natural Laws
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            High Performance Collaboration : The 10 Natural Laws
            Mickey Connolly , and Richard Rianoshek
            Manufacturer: Conversant Solutions Llc
            ProductGroup: Book
            Binding: Audio Cassette

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            ASIN: 0967480205

            Book Description

            High Performance Collaboration: The 10 Natural Laws Agility. Innovation. Speed. These are the much-desired keys to organizational success. Why, then, are they so absent? High Performance Collaboration explains both why these organizational virtues are so rare and how to generate and sustain agility, innovation and speed.

            It all depends on how we lead and manage collaboration. Todays customers expect organizations to deliver valuable and constantly improved products and services at breakneck speed. To deliver beyond such expectations, companies must effectively collaborate throughout their value chain, from customers all the way back to senior executives. We are making enormous technological investments to meet this challenge; is that enough? No. If we do not respect the natural laws of human collaboration our technology investments will not fulfill their promise. High Performance Collaboration is based on 25 years of work on communication and collaboration. These laws are based on our experiences in acquisitions, mergers, cross-functional communication, hostage negotiations and arms negotiations. They are the lessons we have learned from working with over 200,000 people in 400 organizations in 15 countries. These practical laws are based in the nature of physics and human biology and work across cultural boundaries. If you listen to the 10 laws, you will gain insight into collaboration and it's source. This recording is critical for anyone who influences or wishes to influence collaborative action.

            Biosaline Concept: An Approach to the Utilization of Underexploited Resources (Environmental Science Research)
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              Biosaline Concept: An Approach to the Utilization of Underexploited Resources (Environmental Science Research)

              Manufacturer: Springer
              ProductGroup: Book
              Binding: Hardcover

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              ASIN: 0306402955
              Biosaline Concept: An Approach to the Utilization of Underexploited Resources
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                Biosaline Concept: An Approach to the Utilization of Underexploited Resources
                Alexander (Editor) Hollaender
                Manufacturer: Springer
                ProductGroup: Book
                Binding: Paperback
                ASIN: B000OSH4R0

                Characterization of microbial communities in karstic sediments:  A study of cave bacteria in central Kentucky : (Dissertation)
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                  Characterization of microbial communities in karstic sediments: A study of cave bacteria in central Kentucky : (Dissertation)
                  Justine Kay Roback
                  Manufacturer: ProQuest Information and Learning
                  ProductGroup: Book
                  Binding: Digital

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                  ASIN: B000EK9TQC
                  Release Date: 2006-02-10

                  Book Description

                  Citation Details


                  Distributed by ProQuest Information and Learning
                  Macrophytes and microbes: Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis affect brackish sediment microbial community structure and function : (Dissertation)
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                    Macrophytes and microbes: Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis affect brackish sediment microbial community structure and function : (Dissertation)
                    Elizabeth Ann Ravit
                    Manufacturer: ProQuest Information and Learning
                    ProductGroup: Book
                    Binding: Digital

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                    ASIN: B000ERUD2O
                    Release Date: 2006-02-27

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                    Citation Details


                    Distributed by ProQuest Information and Learning
                    Sediment Microbiology (Special Publications of the Society for General Microbiology)
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                      Sediment Microbiology (Special Publications of the Society for General Microbiology)
                      D. Nedwell
                      Manufacturer: Academic Press
                      ProductGroup: Book
                      Binding: Hardcover

                      GeneralGeneral | Evolution | Science | Subjects | Books
                      MicrobiologyMicrobiology | Biology | Biological Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books
                      MicrobiologyMicrobiology | Basic Science | Medicine | Subjects | Books
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                      ASIN: 0125153805
                      The behaviour of technetium during microbial reduction in amended soils from Dounreay, UK [An article from: Science of the Total Environment, The]
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                        The behaviour of technetium during microbial reduction in amended soils from Dounreay, UK [An article from: Science of the Total Environment, The]
                        J.D.C. Begg , I.T. Burke , and K. Morris
                        Manufacturer: Elsevier
                        ProductGroup: Book
                        Binding: Digital

                        Soil ScienceSoil Science | Agricultural Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books
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                        ASIN: B000PDSOYQ

                        Book Description

                        This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                        Description:
                        Radioactive technetium-99 forms during nuclear fission and has been found as a contaminant at sites where nuclear wastes have been processed or stored. Here we describe results from microcosm experiments containing soil samples representative of the UKAEA site at Dounreay to examine the effect of varying solution chemistry on the fate of technetium during microbial reduction. Analysis of a suite of stable element redox indicators demonstrated that microbial activity occurred in a range of microcosm experiments including unamended Dounreay sediments, carbonate buffered sediments, and microcosms amended with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) a complexing ligand used in nuclear fuel cycle operations. During the development of anoxia mediated by indigenous microbial populations, TcO"4^- was removed from solution in experiments. In all cases, the removal of TcO"4^- from solution occurred during active microbial Fe(III)-reduction when Fe(II) was growing into the microcosms. Tc removal was most likely via reduction of TcO"4^- to poorly soluble Tc(IV) which is retained on the sediments. The potential stability of Tc associated with the soil to remobilisation via complexation with EDTA was examined as reduced Tc-labelled sediments were contacted with a de-oxygenated EDTA solution. No remobilisation of Tc(IV) in the presence of EDTA was observed.
                        Biodiversity of benthic invertebrates and organic matter processing in shallow marine sediments: an experimental study [An article from: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology]
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                          Biodiversity of benthic invertebrates and organic matter processing in shallow marine sediments: an experimental study [An article from: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology]
                          F. Mermillod-Blondin , F. Francois-Carcaillet , and Rose
                          Manufacturer: Elsevier
                          ProductGroup: Book
                          Binding: Digital

                          ElsevierElsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
                          ASIN: B000RR4Q4M

                          Book Description

                          This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                          Description:
                          The main objective of this study was to measure the impact of benthic invertebrate diversity on processes occurring at the water-sediment interface. We analyzed the effects of interactions between three shallow water species (Cerastoderma edule, Corophium volutator, and Nereis diversicolor). The impacts of different species richness treatments were measured on sediment reworking, bacterial characteristics, and biogeochemical processes (bromide fluxes, O"2 uptake, nutrient fluxes, and porewater chemistry) in sediment cores. The results showed that the three species exhibited different bioturbation activities in the experimental system: C. edule acted as a biodiffusor, mixing particles in the top 2 cm of the sediments; C. volutator produced and irrigated U-shaped tubes in the top 2 cm of the sediments; and N. diversicolor produced and irrigated burrow galleries in the whole sediment cores. C. edule had minor effects on biogeochemical processes, whereas the other species, through their irrigation of the burrows, increased the solute exchange between the water column and the sediment two-fold. These impacts on sediment structure and solute transport increased the O"2 consumption and the release of nutrients from sediments. As N. diversicolor burrowed deeper in the sediment than C. volutator, it irrigated a greater volume of sediments, with great impact on the sediment cores. Most treatments with a mixture of species indicated that observed values were often lower than predicted values from the addition of the individual effects of each species, demonstrating a negative interaction among species. This type of negative interaction measured between species on ecosystem processes certainly resulted from an overlap of bioturbation activities among the three species which lived and foraged in the same habitat (water-sediment interface). All treatments with N. diversicolor (in isolation and in mixture) produced similar effect on sediment reworking, water fluxes, nutrient releases, porewater chemistry, and bacterial characteristics. Whichever species associated with N. diversicolor, the bioturbation activities of the worm hid the effect of the other species. The results suggest that, in the presence of several species that use and modify the same sediment space, impact of invertebrates on ecosystem processes was essentially due to the most efficient bioturbator of the community (N. diversicolor). In consequence, the functional traits (mode of bioturbation, depth of burrowing, feeding behaviour) of an individual species in a community could be more important than species richness for some ecosystem processes.
                          Characterization of microbial communities in TCE-contaminated seep zone sediments.: An article from: Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
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                            Characterization of microbial communities in TCE-contaminated seep zone sediments.: An article from: Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
                            Brian A. Nevius , Christopher E. Bagwell , and Robin L. Brigmon
                            Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
                            ProductGroup: Book
                            Binding: Digital

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                            GeneralGeneral | Nonfiction | HTML | Formats | e-Docs | Formats | Books
                            ASIN: B000DN5RN4
                            Release Date: 2005-12-15

                            Book Description

                            This digital document is an article from Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science, published by Thomson Gale on September 22, 2004. The length of the article is 2566 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                            Citation Details
                            Title: Characterization of microbial communities in TCE-contaminated seep zone sediments.
                            Author: Brian A. Nevius
                            Publication: Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science (Magazine/Journal)
                            Date: September 22, 2004
                            Publisher: Thomson Gale
                            Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Page: 25(5)

                            Distributed by Thomson Gale
                            Community composition and activities of denitrifying bacteria from adjacent agricultural soil, riparian soil, and creek sediment in Oregon, USA [An article from: Soil Biology and Biochemistry]
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                              Community composition and activities of denitrifying bacteria from adjacent agricultural soil, riparian soil, and creek sediment in Oregon, USA [An article from: Soil Biology and Biochemistry]
                              J.J. Rich , and D.D. Myrold
                              Manufacturer: Elsevier
                              ProductGroup: Book
                              Binding: Digital

                              ElsevierElsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
                              ASIN: B000RQZPTI

                              Book Description

                              This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                              Description:
                              We examined denitrifying bacteria from wet soils and creek sediment in an agroecosystem in Oregon, USA that received inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Our objective was to determine the variation in denitrifying community composition and activities across three adjacent habitats: a fertilized agricultural field planted to perennial ryegrass, a naturally vegetated riparian area, and creek sediment. Using C"2H"2 inhibition, denitrifying enzyme and N"2O-reductase activities were determined in short-term incubations of anaerobic slurries. A key gene in the denitrification pathway, N"2O reductase (nosZ), served as a marker for denitrifiers. Mean denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) was similar among habitats, ranging from 0.5 to 1.8@mgNg^-^1 dry soilh^-^1. However, the ratio of N"2O production, without C"2H"2, to DEA was substantially higher in riparian soil (0.64+/-0.02; mean+/-standard error, n=12) than in agricultural soil (0.19+/-0.02) or creek sediment (0.32+/-0.03). Mean N"2O-reductase activity ranged from 0.5 to 3.2@mgNg^-^1 dry soilh^-^1, with greater activity in agricultural soil than in riparian soil. Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among habitats based on nosZ terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The creek sediment community was unique. Communities in the agricultural and riparian soil were more closely related but distinct. A number of unique nosZ genotypes were detected in creek sediment. Sequences of nosZ obtained from riparian soil were closely related to nosZ from Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Although nosZ distribution and N"2O-reductase activity differed among habitats, relationships between activity and community composition appeared uncoupled across the agroecosystem.
                              Comparative evaluation of anaerobic bacterial communities associated with roots of submerged macrophytes growing in marine or brackish water sediments ... of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology]
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                                Comparative evaluation of anaerobic bacterial communities associated with roots of submerged macrophytes growing in marine or brackish water sediments ... of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology]
                                K. Kusel , T. Trinkwalter , H.L. Drake , and R. Devereux
                                Manufacturer: Elsevier
                                ProductGroup: Book
                                Binding: Digital

                                Weight MaintenanceWeight Maintenance | Diets | Diets & Weight Loss | Health, Mind & Body | Subjects | Books
                                ElsevierElsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
                                ASIN: B000PAA7SK

                                Book Description

                                This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                                Description:
                                Sediment microbial communities are important for seagrass growth and carbon cycling, however relatively few studies have addressed the composition of prokaryotic communities in seagrass bed sediments. Selective media were used enumerate culturable anaerobic bacteria associated with the roots of the seagrass, Halodule wrightii, the fresh to brackish water plant, Vallisneria americana, and the respective vegetated and unvegetated sediments. H. wrightii roots and sediments had high numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria whereas iron-reducing bacteria appeared to have a more significant role in V. americana roots and sediments. Numbers of glucose-utilizing but not acetate-utilizing iron reducers were higher on the roots of both plants relative to the vegetated sediments indicating a difference within the iron reducing bacterial community. H. wrightii roots had lower glucose-utilizing iron reducers, and higher acetogenic bacteria than did V. americana roots suggesting different aquatic plants support different anaerobic microbial communities. Sulfur-disproportionating and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria were also cultured from the roots and sediments. These results provide evidence of the potential importance of sulfur cycle bacteria, in addition to sulfate-reducing bacteria, in seagrass bed sediments.
                                Concretionary methane-seep carbonates and associated microbial communities in Black Sea sediments [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]
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                                  Concretionary methane-seep carbonates and associated microbial communities in Black Sea sediments [An article from: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]
                                  J. Reitner , J. Peckmann , M. Blumenberg , and Michaelis
                                  Manufacturer: Elsevier
                                  ProductGroup: Book
                                  Binding: Digital

                                  ElsevierElsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
                                  ASIN: B000RR8EFY

                                  Book Description

                                  This digital document is a journal article from Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                                  Description:
                                  Gas seeps in the euxinic northwestern Black Sea provide an excellent opportunity to study anaerobic, methane-based ecosystems with minimum interference from oxygen-dependent processes. An integrated approach using fluorescence- and electron microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, lipid biomarkers, stable isotopes (@d^1^3C), and petrography revealed insight into the anatomy of concretionary methane-derived carbonates currently forming within the sediment around seeps. Some of the carbonate concretions have been found to be surrounded by microbial mats. The mats harbour colonies of sulphate-reducing bacteria (DSS-group), and archaea (ANME-1), putative players in the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Isotopically-depleted lipid biomarkers indicate an uptake of methane carbon into the biomass of the mat biota. Microbial metabolism sustains the precipitation of concretionary carbonates, significantly depleted in ^1^3C. The concretions consist of rectangularly orientated, rod- to dumbbell-shaped crystal aggregates made of fibrous high Mg-calcite. The sulphate-reducing bacteria exhibit intracellular storage inclusions, and magnetosomes with greigite (Fe"3S"4), indicating that iron cycling is involved in the metabolism of the microbial population. Transfer of Fe^3^+ into the cells is apparently mediated by abundant extracellular vesicles resembling known bacterial siderophore vesicles (marinobactine) in size (20 to 100 nm) and structure. nd structure.
                                  Decomposition of heavy metal contaminated nettles (Urtica dioica L.) in soils subjected to heavy metal pollution by river sediments [An article from: Chemosphere]
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                                    Decomposition of heavy metal contaminated nettles (Urtica dioica L.) in soils subjected to heavy metal pollution by river sediments [An article from: Chemosphere]
                                    K.S. Khan , and R.G. Joergensen
                                    Manufacturer: Elsevier
                                    ProductGroup: Book
                                    Binding: Digital

                                    ElsevierElsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
                                    ASIN: B000PAU3RA

                                    Book Description

                                    This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                                    Description:
                                    Two incubation experiments were conducted to evaluate differences in the microbial use of non-contaminated and heavy metal contaminated nettle (Urtica dioica L.) shoot residues in three soils subjected to heavy metal pollution (Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd) by river sediments. The microbial use of shoot residues was monitored by changes in microbial biomass C, biomass N, biomass P, ergosterol, N mineralisation, CO"2 production and O"2 consumption rates. Microbial biomass C, N, and P were estimated by fumigation extraction. In the non-amended soils, the mean microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio decreased from 2.3% in the low metal soil to 1.1% in the high metal soils. In the 42-d incubation experiment, the addition of 2% nettle residues resulted in markedly increased contents of microbial biomass P (+240%), biomass C (+270%), biomass N (+310%), and ergosterol (+360%). The relative increase in the four microbial properties was similar for the three soils and did not show any clear heavy metal effect. The contents of microbial biomass C, N and P and ergosterol contents declined approximately by 30% during the incubation as in the non-amended soils. The ratios microbial biomass C to N, microbial biomass C to P, and ergosterol to microbial biomass C remained constant at 5.2, 26, and 0.5%, respectively. In the 6-d incubation experiment, the respiratory quotient CO"2/O"2 increased from 0.74 in the low metal soil to 1.58 in the high metal soil in the non-amended soils. In the treatments amended with 4% nettle residues, the respiratory quotient was constant at 1.13, without any effects of the three soils or the two nettle treatments. Contaminated nettle residues led generally to significantly lower N mineralisation, CO"2 production and O"2 consumption rates than non-contaminated nettle residues. However, the absolute differences were small.

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