Economic Development: Theory and Practice for a Divided World

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Economic Development: Theory and Practice for a Divided World
Stuart R. Lynn
Manufacturer: Prentice Hall
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0130141615

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Economic Development: Theory and Practice for a Divided World
Stuart R. Lynn
Manufacturer: Prentice Hall
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OHCH8M

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Economic Development: Theory and Practice for a Divided World
Stuart R. Lynn
Manufacturer: Prentice Hall
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000MUYKGI

Book Description

In an effort to shed light on recent developments in sociocybernetic research, this volume represents recent and advanced thinking in this rapidly developing field. The authors address the core problems in social science caused by increasing societal complexity and analyze the inadequacy of many of the methodological tools still used for grappling with nonlinear, self-organizing systems. Together, the 18 contributors propose elements of a new methodology based on sociocybernetic principles aimed at describing and explaining the growth of societal complexity, the contribution of "autopoiesis" of societal subunits to more societal complexity, and the new simulation-based methodology needed to observe complex social systems. This unique volume contributes to a greater understanding of sociocybernetics and its uses as a method for researching modern problems of increasing complexity and interdependence. The first part of the book deals with increasing societal complexity and contains chapters on its overall development, the complexity of brain-environment interaction loops, organizational change, the development of human values, and the increasing interpenetration of societal subsystems. The second part concentrates on a current issue in sociocybernetics: autopoiesis, or self-production. The chapters included in Part II concentrate on "embodied cognition," on the applicability of autopoiesis to business firms, on its roots in Aristotelian philosophy, and on the possibility of societal control and steering in democratic societies. Part III, more focused on methodology, discusses the difficulties inherent in observing complex social systems. The chapters deal with the problems of cross-cultural comparative research, simulation of the evolution of social systems, longitudinal simulation of education systems, and the methodological difficulties associated with analyzing the unexpected complexities of mutually interacting nonlinear systems.

Sociocybernetics: Complexity, Autopoiesis, and Observation of Social Systems (Contributions in Sociology)

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Sociocybernetics: Complexity, Autopoiesis, and Observation of Social Systems (Contributions in Sociology)
Felix Geyer Johannes van der Zouwen
Manufacturer: Greenwood Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OTND5Q

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This book examines how agriculturalists and ecologists look at field-crop ecosystems and attempt better management of these systems with the aid of computer modelling. Most of the book describes an array of the world's most important systems in detail but using language suited to readers who are not familiar with agricultural technology. Each chapter presents a "slice in time" of environmental, human and technical attributes of a particular cropping system along with the social and cultural background which contributed to that particular system.
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Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research
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Manufacturer: University of Hawaii Press
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Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems: Characteristics, Ecology and Management

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3540636072

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An understanding of the characteristics and the ecology of soils, particularly those of forest ecosystems in the humid tropics, is central to the development of sustainable forest management systems. The present book examines the contribution that forest soil science and forest ecology can make to sustainable land use in the humid tropics. Four main issues are addressed: characteristics and classification of forest soils, chemical and hydrological changes after forest utilization, soil fertility management in forest plantations and agroforestry systems as well as ecosystem studies from the dipterocarp forest region of Southeast Asia. Additionally, case studies include work from Guyana, Costa Rica, the Philippines, Malaysia, Australia and Nigeria.

Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Natural and Agricultural Tropical Ecosystems (Cabi Publishing)

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Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics in Natural and Agricultural Tropical Ecosystems (Cabi Publishing)

Manufacturer: CABI
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ASIN: 0851992188

Book Description

Soil fertility is one of the most important factors regulating yield and productivity in both the agricultural and natural ecosystems of the tropics, and maintaining soil fertility has become a key challenge to sustainable development in this region. This book presents the ecological processes and management practices which affect soil fertility and then looks at ways to integrate this knowledge to develop economically feasible solutions. Based on a symposium held at the University of Zimbabwe in May 1996, the volume is partly the result of ten years of research by the Soil Biology and Fertility Project in Zimbabwe and includes contributions from researchers in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The book is divided into five sections covering nutrient dynamics in soil, decomposition of crop residues, tree-soil-crop interactions in agroforestry and in ecosystem dynamics, and prospects for the future. Essential reading for agronomists, soil scientists and ecologists studying the tropics, this volume is also an important reference for decision-makers in land use and development in tropical countries.

Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Book Series)

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Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Book Series)

Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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This major new book presents a collection of essays by leading authorities who address the current state of knowledge. The chapters bring together the early results of an international scientific research program designed to address what will happen to our ability to produce food and fiber, and what effects there will be on biological diversity under rapid environmental change. This book addresses how these changes to terrestrial ecosystems will feed back to further environmental change. International in scope, this state-of-the-art assessment will interest policymakers, students and scientists interested in global change, climate change and biodiversity. Special features include descriptions of a dynamic global vegetation model, developing generic crop models and a special section on the emerging discipline of global ecology.

Are landscape complexity and farm specialisation related to land-use intensity of annual crop fields? [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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Are landscape complexity and farm specialisation related to land-use intensity of annual crop fields? [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
I. Roschewitz , C. Thies , and T. Tscharntke
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RR1Q36

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Little is known about the predictive value of landscape complexity and farm specialisation for land-use intensity, although this is critical for regional agri-environmental schemes and conservation of biodiversity. Here, we analysed land-use intensity of annual crop fields of 30 farms in northern Germany that were located in 15 landscapes differing in structural complexity ranging from <15% to >65% non-crop habitats. The proportion of arable land per landscape was used as simple predictor of landscape complexity due to its close correlation with habitat-type diversity, and the proportion of arable land per farm acted as an indicator for farm specialisation due to its negative correlation with stock farming. Land-use intensity was quantified using questionnaires. Landscape complexity and farm specialisation were related to several but not all indicators of land-use intensity. Structurally simple landscapes were related to more nitrogen input and higher crop yields, and farms specialised on annual crops had reduced crop-species diversity, larger fields, higher crop yields and more pathogen species. In contrast to general expectations, pesticide use in annual crop fields was exceptionally high and not a function of landscape complexity or farm specialisation. Our results show that generalisations such as ''farms specialised on annual crops and structurally simple landscapes show increased land-use intensity'' may be misleading.

Cropland use by birds wintering in arable landscape in south-western [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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Cropland use by birds wintering in arable landscape in south-western [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
G. Orlowski
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000P6NY7K

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The research carried out in SW Poland in winter 2002/2003 showed the presence of birds within 69 (59%) out of 117 studied fields (total surface=329.3ha). Birds were totally absent only from two (bare tilled and winter cereals) out of seven studied field types (the other were: cereal and oil-seed rape stubbles, root crop stubbles, vegetable and fruit crops, young and permanent fallows). In all inhabited field types the percentage of occupied fields (hereafter occupancy) ranged from 58 (permanent fallows) to 100% (fruit and vegetable crops). A total of 2256 individuals, belonging to 27 species were recorded. In all habitats the core of bird fauna was formed by the seed-eaters (from 84 to 98% of all birds). The most frequent species was reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus (occupancy 37%), followed by pheasant Phasianus colchicus (occupancy 21%). The highest average bird density was recorded in fruit and vegetable crops (61.6+/-32.7 individualsha^-^1), and 20 times lower in permanent fallows. The average number of individuals found within a single field was also highest in fruit and vegetable crops. In permanent fallows, however, the highest share of insectivorous birds (7%) and predators (5%) was recorded.

The effects of GMHT crops on bird abundance in arable fields in the UK [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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The effects of GMHT crops on bird abundance in arable fields in the UK [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
D.E. Chamberlain , S.N. Freeman , and J.A. Vickery
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Elsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
ASIN: B000PC0F80

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Bird surveys were carried out in summer 2000 and winter 2000/2001 on 24 sugar beet fields, 11 maize fields, 10 spring rape fields and (for winter-only) 23 winter rape fields divided into conventional and genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) treatments. These fields were a sub-sample of those used in the farm scale evaluation (FSE [Firbank, L.G, Heard, M.S., Woiwod, I.P., Hawes, C., Haughton, A.J., Champion, G.T., Scott, R.J., Hill, M.O., Dewar, A.M., Squire, G.R., May, M.J., Brooks, D.R., Bohan, D.A., Daniels, R.E., Osborne, J.L., Roy, D.B., Black, H.I.J., Rothery, P., Perry, J.N., 2003. An introduction to the farm-scale evaluations of genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops. J. Appl. Ecol. 40, 2-16.]). The study aimed to compare bird abundance between GMHT and conventional crop treatments. In the summer, the abundance of yellowhammers Emberiza citrinella and of granivores collectively was significantly greater on conventional than GMHT sugar beet. Abundance of granivores and species richness was significantly greater on conventional than GMHT maize, but only after the application of herbicides to the GMHT treatment. No significant differences were detected in spring oilseed rape. No significant differences were detected prior to herbicide application in any crop. In winter, granivores were more abundant on bare plough following conventional sugar beet treatment than following GMHT treatment. Woodpigeon Columba palumbus, blackbird Turdus merula and corvids were more abundant on maize stubbles following GMHT treatment. These differences were in accord with likely differences in food availability ascertained from previous research carried out under the FSE.

The impact of imposed female sterility on field populations of ricefield rats (Rattus argentiventer) [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]

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The impact of imposed female sterility on field populations of ricefield rats (Rattus argentiventer) [An article from: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment]
J. Jacob , Rahmini , and Sudarmaji
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000RR9DHM

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
A decrease in the reproductive rate of a pest population may lead to a decrease in population growth and in the associated damage to agricultural crops. In this study, a single-dose anti-fertility treatment was simulated through surgical and hormonally based sterilisation of female ricefield rats, Rattus argentiventer, in a rice-based agro-ecosystem. Up to 76% of adult females were sterilised on 10ha plots before the start of the breeding season in two populations for each treatment (surgical or hormonally based sterilisation). There were two untreated populations. None of the treatments led to a decrease in population growth, breeding performance or crop damage nor was there an increase in rice yield. The treatments did not result in numeric or reproductive compensation at the rat population level. It is likely that immigration by fertile female rats outweighed the potential effects of sterilised females at the population level. The findings highlight the importance to test whether anti-fertility treatments on a larger scale than in this study and multiple-dose treatments can effectively reduce the population size of ricefield rats.

Book Description

Field guides often provide little ecological information, or context, for understanding the plants they identify. This book, with its engaging text and attractive illustrations, for the first time provides an ecological framework for the plants and their environments in the coast and foothill regions of Southern California, an area that boasts an extremely rich flora. It will introduce a wide audience--from general readers and students to natural history and outdoor enthusiasts--to Southern California's plant communities, their ecological dynamics, and the key plants that grow in them.
Coastal beach and dune habitats, coastal and interior sage scrub, chaparral, woodlands, grasslands, riparian woodlands, and wetlands all contribute unique plant assemblages to Southern California. In addition to discussing each of these areas in depth, this book also emphasizes ecological factors such as drought, seasonal temperatures, and fire that determine which plants can thrive in each community. It covers such important topics as non-native invasive plants and other issues involved with preserving biodiversity in the ecologically rich yet heavily populated and increasingly threatened area. * 327 color photographs provide overviews of each plant community and highlight key plant species

* Describes more than 300 plant species
* Covers the counties of Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, western Riverside, San Bernardino, and the Channel Islands
* Includes a list of public areas and parks for viewing Southern California's plant communities

Customer Reviews:

Very engaging and informative.......2006-08-22

This is a very engaging and well written book about southern California's major floristic regions. If you are interested in the ecology and history of S. California ecosystems it is an excellent introduction, providing a nice overview and many insights. For example - why there are many winter decidous plants in the summer drought/winter rain climate of S. California; why the flora of Torrey Pines is so special. I spent a very pleasant afternoon reading it cover to cover.

Take it along in your backpack.......2005-10-03

This is the latest in a series of books on the flora and fauna of California published by the University of California Press. The books are characterized by beautiful photography, authoritative authorship, and succinct descriptions. In this book the authors, Philip W. Rundel, Professor of Biology at UCLA's Department of Ecology and Ecological Biology, and Robert Gustafson, who is the manager of the Botany Department at the Natural Museum of Los Angeles County, go a bit beyond the usual as they describe the ecology of the various plant ecosystems in Southern California.

The first chapter is on the biogeography of Southern California (from Point Conception to the Mexican border) with a comparison to other Mediterranean-type climates throughout the world, including those in South Africa and southern Australia as well as in the Mediterranean itself.

The other chapters, 12 in all, concentrate on various habitats, including coastal beaches, dunes, bluffs, terraces, and on other distinct plant communities found in SoCal, including woodlands, grasslands, riparian woodlands, and wetlands. There's a chapter on the flora of the Channel Islands. Throughout the authors are careful to tell the reader which species are native and which are not. Two of the chapters are on the chaparral and its unique ecology and how the plants adapt to the frequent fires that the chaparral forest is prone to. I love the chaparral and it was fun to discover the names and habits and to see the color photos of the plants that one sees on hikes along the trails.

Finally there are chapters on "Invasive Alien Species" and the threats they pose, and on "Preserving Biodiversity." There's a table that lists public parks and preserves by characteristic plant communities such as the Los Padres National Forest in Santa Barbara County, Bolsa Chica State Beach in Orange County, and many others. And there's a good index.

This works especially well as both an introduction, as the authors intended, and as a handy reference for the hiker and camper.

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