Walden Two

Book Description

This fictional outline of a modern utopia has been a center of controversy ever since its publication in 1948. Set in the United States, it pictures a society in which human problems are solved by a scientific technology of human conduct.

Customer Reviews:

A solution looking for a problem.......2007-07-24

Like Copernicus, Galeleo and Darwin, Skinner was verbaly crucified for what he discovered. Those who dismiss this book are the flat earth theorists and religious dogmatic right.

It was not Skinner's first choice to be a social scientist. He openly admitted that his discoveries were just that - Discoveries. At first most scientists have little idea of what thier discoveries mean. The lazer was first described as 'a solution looking for a problem' - its first imagined use to cut James Bond in half. Who would have dreamt that lazers would be used for delicate eye surgery to give people clear sight. In Walden II Skinner set about thinking what his discoveries could mean for individuals and societies.

The two principle characters of Walden II are Frederick and Burrhus. These are Skinner's two christian names. Walden II is an arguement that Skinner had with himself. Both sides robustly stated, it reveals both the confidence and doubts that Skinner had about the meaning and value of his discoveries.

Individuals and society always benefit from advances in science. The scientists who split the atom did not intend its use to be destructive and many campaigned against the atomic bomb. Skinner realised that the lottery is very effective way for governments to extract excessive tax from the poor. It must have been one of his worst nightmares that governments would do so. He must be turning in his grave at present British government's use of the lottery to pay for education. Skinner was a teacher and devoted part of his life to improving teaching.

Walden II was never a 'blue-print for living'. Taken as such it is inevitable inadequate, as discovered by those who have tried to 'live the experiment'. Written in 1948, it is now dated. Regretably no-one has since updated it, maybe because the reality is that we all live in a token economy.

Skinner's first career choice was to be a writer. He wasn't a very good one, but in Walden II he is surprisingly good for an academic. A radical thinker, it should be no surprise that Skinner should borrow the title of one of his literary heroes - Thoreau. Only a few have lived that utopia of the original Walden.

The world is not flat, man evolved and real social science can help us improve life and society. Ignorance is a prison without bars. It was centuries before Galeleo showed that Copernicus was right. A century has passed since Darwin's death. Many still do not want to accept evoluiton and many of those who do simply do not understand it, despite calling themselves Darwinians. It will be some time before society understands behavioural science, its full benefits and just how great a scientist Skinner was.

Read 'Ishmael' First.......2007-06-08

If you are interested in how people can be happy, read Daniel Quinn's 'Ishmael' first, then come back to 'Walden Two.'

I am not a behaviorist. The term 'social engineering' makes me uncomfortable. I do not believe in the concept of Utopia. There is no One Right Way to live, no solution that will bring about the End of History. Humans are what they are, and the sooner we quit trying to mold people into what we think they should be and accept that fact, the happier we will all be.

So why do I rate Walden Two highly? Because of it's pragmatism.

The basic approach put forth in the book is simply to do what works. Experiment. Try something. If it works, keep it. If it doesn't, discard it and try something new. This approach seems obvious, but in fact it's pretty rare in our daily lives. Instead we are ruled by dogmatism: we do things because that is the 'right' way to do it, no matter how poor the outcome.

This pragmatic approach, and the examples used to illustrate it, hint at methodologies currently being used with much success. Two that interest me the most are NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) and Permaculture.

Skinner at his best.......2007-04-15

The book "Walden Two" by B.F.Skinner is excellent. It is written in a story form so most of us will not get lost with the psychology jargon, and the story is very interesting and moves right along.For those of you not familiar with his work Skinner explains what behavioral engineering is and his main charcter uses this as his platfrom for a utopic society. I liked many things about Waldon Two how the residents created a more scientifically efficent community and I thought th behavioral engineering of the children in the community was billiant. I also really enjoyed the idea of the four hour work day and how it promotes a more creative group of people. Naturally this type of work week would enable its residents to become much more creative and spend more time with the arts. I didn't enjoy every part of Walden Two I felt the economic structure was very similar to communism. I understand how it relates to how the society is to succeed. Overall the book is very enjoyable and it was very helpful in learning more about behavioral engineering I would reccomend it and its not a very long read either its about 280 pages.

Interesting.......2006-06-02

Before we talk about the book, Walden 2, you need to know something about B.F. Skinner. He was a behavioral psychologist and behavior psychologists like to be able to predict and to control human activity. He believed in his theories so much that when he brought home his 2nd daughter from the hospital he placed her in an controlled environment much like the one in the book. His daughter lived there for 2 1/2 years. Skinner became famous for his work with rats using his "Skinner Box". The Skinner Box was an apparatus which allows an experimenter to observe, manipulate, measure and record animals behaviors. Skinner also insisted that their environments, the environments which humans themselves built, controlled humans. Skinner's main aim in analyzing behavior was to find out the relationship between behavior and the environment, the interactions between the two. Walden 2 is a book about how he imagined the application of is theories would work out in real life.
Walden 2 is a very good book but is arguably the worst story ever. Besides being amateurish, it's downright silly. But luckily the story is not a big part of the book. infact, Walden 2 transcends its mediocre story by being so provocative. Through the course of Walden 2, so many interesting ideas are brought up. It took me forever to finish the book because every couple of pages, I'd have to stop and think about whatever I was reading. This book brings up many extreme alternatives to modern life that are for the most part, surprisingly logical. Between child rearing and distribution of labor, you will have your jaw open. He talks about having the youth produce children and then putting the children through a system involving not moving out of the crib until a baby turns one and not putting on clothes till the age of three. This may seem like a very stupid idea and that's the reaction that you should have but there are many benefits to it. Clothes can be uncomfortable and temperature sun exposure isn't problem because they don't go outside. It also decides how much a job pays based on the demand for that job. A job like sniffing flowers would not be high paying because everyone wants that job. Some may say well isn't that how capitalism works but its not even close. We know this isn't true because actors are getting paid much more then farmers. Everyone wants to be an actor and yet it still has a large paycheck, I rest my case. This book is so progressive and so ahead of it's time. It brings up many ideas that no one else has and B. F. Skinner did it in 1948. On the contrary, the concepts B. F. Skinner presents are flawed. The whole book requires that our nature is very, very malleable. Whether or not that is true is debatable. One of the flaws of the book is that the reader isn't the one who gets to question Frazier (the guy running Walden 2). B. F. Skinner gets to question Frazier and that makes the whole book very biased. If the guy who feels a certain way writes a book proving his point and the book happens to be fiction, then there is a very high chance that the person is wrong and needs to make a fake bias story to prove his point. But like I said earlier, lots of good ideas too. Either way I enjoyed the book and I would advise any person interested in philosophy, different forms of society, or just progressive ideas, to read this book.
The book also comes with an interesting preface written by Skinner many years after he wrote Walden 2. He talks about how common society is horrible and how we should convert the world into a humongous Walden 2. Quite a stretch if I may say so myself. This is because he forgets to mention the thing that Karl Marx always talked about, the between stage. Marx talks about Socialism and the violent revolution and how to reach Communism, while Walden 2 is just supposed to happen. The book isn't intended to have the same purpose as the Communist Manifesto or anything of that sort. The book as a whole shouldn't be looked upon as a good idea for a society; it should be viewed as a group of different ideas about different things that can be placed relevantly into our modern society.

A totalitarian "Utopia"?.......2006-01-15

Having no great fondness for B. F. to begin with, from the little I know of him and his work, I thought I'd give this a try just to see what the Grand Old Man of conditioned rats and pigeons had to say about Utopias. What kind of Utopia would be imagined by some guy who saw no essential behavioral difference (and presumably no other important difference) between rats and humans? As I had expected, I had a distinctly uneasy feeling about it well before finishing it-by about p. 60, in fact-but I couldn't clearly define or articulate it. So, like anyone looking for easy answers, I Googled the book, and the first citation on the page was "A critical review of B.F. Skinner's philosophy, with focus on _Walden Two_", by Edward Rozycki (1999, based on a 1995 article for the journal _Educational Studies_). And Rozycki made amply clear a few points which seem to have escaped all the raving enthusiasts of the book, such as:

(1) Skinner was a lousy scientist, who explicitly rejected some of the fundamental tenets of the scientific method, such as considering all the observed data. In the book, Frazier says, "To go to all the trouble of running controls would be to make a fetish of scientific method." Although Skinner kept telling everyone he was an empiricist and not a theorist, most of his work is basically theory based on what he chose to consider the world to be.

(2) His "vision" is fundamentally totalitarian (Roz tactfully avoids the term "fascist," but I would not be that polite). As Frazier says, "Each of us has interests which conflict with the interests of everybody else. ... Now, `everybody else' we call `society.' It's a powerful opponent and it always wins." Substitute "State" for "society" and that's pretty clear totalitarianism.

(3) The reason everybody in the community is so blissfully happy is that anyone who is not blissfully happy is made to feel unwelcome by the community and subtly cold-shouldered out. About anyone who is "incorrigible," Frazier says that "it's more likely that he would long since have gone of his own accord." As Rosycki dryly notes, "The point is not elaborated on." I don't think it needs to be.

So, given my impression that Skinner's starry-eyed Utopian vision of a "culturally engineered" bliss of humanoid pigeons is one of the most terrifying things I've read since the daily news, I fail to see why everyone seems to think it's so wonderful. I think it's a dreadful vision, just as dystopic, in its sinister way, as _Brave New World_. And it's a boring read to boot.

Living Walden Two: B. F. Skinner's Behaviorist Utopia and Experimental Communities

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Living Walden Two: B. F. Skinner's Behaviorist Utopia and Experimental Communities
Hilke Kuhlmann
Manufacturer: University of Illinois Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0252029623

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WALDEN TWO
B. F. Skinner
Manufacturer: MacMillan Paperbacks
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000EBH50I

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WALDEN TWO

Manufacturer: Macmillan & Co Ltd
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000HESYMA

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see below

Walden Two (Cliffs Notes)
Cynthia C. McGowan
Manufacturer: Cliffs Notes
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Walden Two

ASIN: 0822013614

Book Description

Author B.F. Skinner is considered the Patriarch of Behaviorism, and Walden Two is his allegorical yet practical treatise on creating Utopia. Is Utopia possible? How can it be achieved? Is "behavioral engineering" a gift or heresy? Walden Two is an engaging book that paints a compelling picture for a new type of society.

Customer Reviews:

see below.......2000-04-01

Like most cliff's notes, content hits the mark. She includes all the major ideas (and some minor subtleties)and explains them clearly and thoroughly. But for a book like Walden Two, you should be able to interpret it yourself. Really, the ideas are very simple, and all the literary subtleties[sic?] are crystal clear to the perceptive reader. Only buy this cliff's notes if you haven't read walden two and you have to write a paper on it or something. In all other cases you should be able to do it on your own.

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Walden Two.
B.F. Skinner
Manufacturer: Macmillan Publishing Company
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000BKQP3A

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Walden Two
BF Skinner
Manufacturer: Macmillan
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000NPXZHW

American Culture and the Marketplace: R.R. Donnelley's Four American Books Campaign, 1926-1930

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American Culture and the Marketplace: R.R. Donnelley's Four American Books Campaign, 1926-1930
Claire Badaracco
Manufacturer: Library of Congress
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0844407240

B.F. Skinner's Walden II (Religious dimensions in literature. Seabury Reading Program)

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B.F. Skinner's Walden II (Religious dimensions in literature. Seabury Reading Program)
Daniel B Stevick
Manufacturer: Seabury
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding
ASIN: B0007FONGK

B.F. Skinner's Walden two: Introduction and commentary, (Religious dimensions in literature)

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B.F. Skinner's Walden two: Introduction and commentary, (Religious dimensions in literature)
Daniel B Stevick
Manufacturer: Seabury Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding
ASIN: B0007DKAQ4

Book Description

A sexy paranormal debut--from a fresh new voice in erotic romance. The next target of a time traveling killer, crime reporter Jane Colby finds herself in the hands of a warlord from the future sent to protect her--and in his hands is just where she wants to be.

Customer Reviews:

Time-travelling terminator meets newspaper reporter.......2007-09-27

This story is about a newspaper reporter, Jane Colby, who finds her life suddenly becoming a great deal more complicated than normal when she discovers a large man with a tame wolf in her house. Baran explains that he is a time traveller from the future sent to deal with a psychopathic criminal from his own time who is preying on women in Jane's town - and Jane will be one of his victims. Baran and his talking wolf, Freika, have to convince Jane that she needs their help and also prepare for the unexpected appearance of the murderer, Druas. Jane wants to continue her life, though, although it's rather difficult with a huge warrior and a giant wolf constantly with her.

The plot of this story was very good with the time-travelling aspects adding interest and the historical references to Jack the Ripper giving a fascinating angle on other past crimes. Jane is a feisty heroine and Baran has more to him than just a thick-skulled warrior; both Jane and Baran have to overcome events in their past that could cause them to fail in their missions. As with other Angela Knight books there is a lot of sex in this book, sometimes distracting the reader from the plot a little, but the overall story was a good read.

Can't wait to return to Angela Knight's Mageverse.......2007-07-04

Traveling 300 years in the past to protect a woman you doesn't even know seems like a fool's errand and one that you wouldn't risk your life for. But the Warlords in this book think just the opposite; the hero in Jane's Warlord, Baran Arvid, is as alpha as they come, and willing to do anything to protect his quarry even if it means his own death. Along with his trusty sidekick, a timber wolf named Freika, Baran puts his life on the line to protect a 20th century civilian from an assassin who jumps through space and time to kill innocent women. The heroine, Jane Colby, is a no-nonsense gal who runs the town newspaper in a small South Carolina city. Jane is willing to suspend disbelief when this man from the future comes and tells her he's been sent to protect her from a killer (Terminator, anyone?). When Baran shows her the proof she needs to see the truth, using futuristic technology she can't help but believe, the two join forces to bring down this time traveling assassin, and fall in love somewhere along the way.

Jane's Warlord was my first Angela Knight book, and it definitely will not be my last. I'm not usually that into sci-fi/fantasy romance books, though I'm all for vampires and werewolves. That being said, this book was a departure for me, and one I wasn't sure if I'd like. I needn't have worried. Angela Knight's Mageverse requires the ability to suspend disbelief, but once you do it's intriguing, exciting, and suspenseful. This isn't your everyday romantic suspense, with its paranormal elements, sci fi basis, and time traveling heroes, but I wouldn't have it any other way. I thoroughly enjoyed this story from start to finish and can't wait to get back to Angela Knight's Mageverse.

Wanted more of Jack the Ripper (the villian of this book).......2007-04-08

I was very disappointed with this book, after reading the great reviews and because the opening was very good - good writing that introduced a lot of suspense.

My main critisicm is that the book is too self-aware of being a romance novel. It's too cute. There are references to romance novels everywhere, including the fact that the first thing Warlord does, when scoping out Jane's house, is pick up her half-finished book, dog-eared at an erotic love scene. The plot is over balanced toward their sex (not romance) scenes, at the expense of the build up of tension over the appearance of Jack the Ripper, and/or over more satisfying character development. Everytime there was a reference to standard romance novel fare - like Jane thinking about a Viking warrior tying up his warprize and ravaging her, I was taken right out of the story. It was as if the protagonist was aware of the audience.

My second criticism is the missed opportunity for this to be a great story instead of a light read. The Warlord is a cyborg, futuristic special agent, not a futuristic political leader, so the story has the flavor of a playful Terminator while not being as edgy/good. It is superficial. The conflict isn't deep enough. And with a villian like Jack the Ripper, that is a real let down. Jack the Ripper was the Hannibal Lecter of his time. We needed to get inside his head, and feel his menace, a little bit more.

The sex scenes were ... hmmm. There were many teases with the Warlord's golden wrist bindings, but he'd put them on Jane, and then take them off a few minutes later. There was one sex scene where they came out again, and I was expecting Jack the Ripper to make an untimely appearance, during their love play, but nothing. There was no risk involved in their sexual interludes. Not enough at stake emotionally or physically.

The best part was Frieka, the wolf-companion to the Warlord. I enjoyed their comraderie. Very entertaining, and if I pick this book up at all in the future, it will be because of him.

Interesting read, 3 1/2 stars.......2007-04-03

I can't put my finger on it, but I would have liked something a little more creative or different about the plot and storyline. I didn't like that the warlord was not given enough tools by his superiors to properly fight Druas. They had an explanation for this in the end, but I didn't like it. Other parts of the ending were interesting and good. Although it is not a favorite, I did enjoy the book and plan to try another from this author. Sexual content: strong.

Fantastic! Great new world-building! .......2007-02-01

I LOVE this book. ohyeah! Baran was so sexy in it. And I liked Jane because she wasn't too tough, but not a wuss, either. Frieka was a great secondary! I don't own the book, but if I did, it'd be on my keeper list. Yum yum! I hear she might do another WARLORD book. oh yeah!

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Jane's Warlord
Angela Knight
Manufacturer: Berkley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000P7TJLE

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Jane's Warlord
Angela Knight
Manufacturer: Berkley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Mass Market Paperback
ASIN: B000GRRUDC

Customer Reviews:

still among the best.......1999-12-22

I would have to say that the volume is as good as the first two. I consider this series to be very intriguing and enjoyable. There are plenty of surprises, with very well constructed characters. Basically, anything Elizabeth Willey writes, I will snap up.

An unusual and intelligent fantasy novel........1998-02-07

This is a good book in a good series, with an intricate plot and unusual characters. It isn't light reading - you have to pay attention in order to get the whole picture because the author doesn't spell it out in short sentences of small words. Don't you get tired of reading books with short sentences of small words? The previous review didn't do it justice at all. Buy it. Rather, if you haven't bought it then you probably haven't read the earlier novels in this series. Buy either one of them.

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Price of Blood and Honor, The
Elizabeth Willey
Manufacturer: Tor Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OTP6OM

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Makes sense

Excellent Patient Education

If you've recently been diagnosed with ARMD, read this book!

Focuses on understanding of this sight-robbing condition

First book that answered my questions!

Macular Degeneration: The Latest Scientific Discoveries and Treatments for Preserving Your Sight
Robert D'Amato M.D. Ph.D. , Joan Snyder , and M.D., Ph.D. Robert D'Amato
Manufacturer: Walker & Company
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

Dr. Robert D'Amato, MD, PhD of Harvard Medical School,and recent winner of the Lew Wasserman award for his pioneering eye research, has teamed up with ARMD sufferer and writer Joan Snyder, to produce Macular Degeneration: The Latest Scientific Discoveries and Treatments for Preserving Your Sight. Endorsed by the Macular Degeneration Foundation, this easy-to-read large type edition is the only book written for laymen that covers all of the latest scientific discoveries and promising research for age-related macular degeneration. Learn more about Visudyne (photodynamic therapy), laser therapy, nutrition and drug therapy. Dr. D'Amato covers alternative or complimentaty therapies such as acupuncture, meditation, microcurrent stimulation and more. Promising medical research initiatives are discussed. Macular Degeneration offers hope and practical advice for the 13-15 million Americans suffering from this disease.

Customer Reviews:

Makes sense.......2002-04-24

This book gives a broad overview of this extremely common and debilitating eye disease. The co-authors, a leading ophthalmologist and a patient with macular degeneration, present the information from both the technical point of view and the laymen's point of view. The book covers many aspects of macular degeneration, including its definition, types, diagnosis, treatments, and coping methods. The treatments section includes a comparison of alternative therapies as well as standard medical treatments. There are also chapters on possible causes of macular degeneration and potential ways to lower the risk of developing the disease. The book includes a glossary and a list of resources for further information or help. If you or someone you know is diagnosed with macular degeneration, this book will be invaluable.

Excellent Patient Education.......2001-05-03

I'm extremely impressed by this book. All patient education should strive to be this clear, readable, respectful, and comprehensive. It is written with understanding of and sympathy for the experience of coping with a potentially life-changing condition -- and by that I don't mean simply that the tone is warm and encouraging (although it is), but that the book is full of practical information that answers the kinds of questions that patients are likely to ask.

If you've recently been diagnosed with ARMD, read this book!.......2001-01-31

A few years ago my wife had a blood vessel in her retina burst causing permanent partial vision loss in one eye. (She complained of "wavy vision" the day before she was to go to Europe on vacation - she cancelled the trip.) Since then we have had an Amsler grid on our refrigerator door, and she has learned to cope with the `missing spot' in her field of vision.... Two weeks ago she noticed - while watching the Bloomberg channel - that she could not read a good bit of what was on the screen. This time the doctor found another leakage into the retina (not involving red blood cells); her vision returned to what it was before in a few days. The doctor `put dye into her' to `check her eyes out.' - BUT this time the doctor told her that she has early dry ARMD. ----- I realized that we didn't understand very much of what we were being told ... so I bought this book and spent the last two days reading it cover to cover... This is really an EXCELLENT summary. I wish we had had it before my wife's latest problem, because I would have been able to ask more intelligent questions. We will on the next checkup! This deceptively small book holds more information than I thought could be packed into a 170-page volume in large type. Dr. Robert D'Amato's explanations are not only complete, but also clear. (I finished reading it before I noticed that the Macular Degeneration Foundation has endorsed it!). I have a bent for details and proofs, for the exact pro's and con's of different `treatments.' I learned that my wife's emotional reaction to her diagnosis (she was initially convinced that she `was going blind') was only partially justified. Dr. D'Amato shows that this outcome is highly improbable; most people show a gradual loss, if any at all, over a period of years. I learned, however, that it is essential to keep an eye on (unintended humor there) dry ARMD so that progression into wet ARMD can be detected, and then treated. He details both current and prospective treatments for wet ARMD. ---- "Macular Degeneration" contains a very helpful glossary, and the book is filled with specific sources - so one can pursue additional research on this affliction! ----- I was NOT particularly impressed by Joan Snyder's contribution to this volume, despite the fact that she is obviously sincere. `Alternative medicine' seems to be all the rage now, but I think it lacks the rigor of true science. Mrs. Snyder's very complete listing of alternative approaches seemed to me merely a catalog of `ways to kid yourself.' [I was waiting for her to suggest prayer, pilgrimages, or divine healing -- which she never did, thank goodness!] Dr. D'Amato's kind words about his co-author did not hide his skepticism about her sympathy for `alternative medicine'. He is a more patient man than I am! Since the `alternative medicine' section occupied a relatively small part of the volume (the preface and Chapter 8) I don't feel that Mrs. Synder's contribution significantly detracted from the book's worth -in fact, for those like me who are hard-headed empiricists, the descriptions of `alternative approaches' told me: don't waste time on this approach! ---- Hats off to the publisher: Note that the typeface is quite large which opens this valuable work to those who need it the most -- ARMD sufferers with significant vision loss! I strongly feel everyone recently diagnosed with ARMD should read this book.

Focuses on understanding of this sight-robbing condition.......2001-01-16

The condition described here is age-related but has grown significantly in recent years as the population ages: Macular Degeneration provides an analysis of the disease, its progression and its symptoms. From the latest medical treatments to options for alternatives, Macular Degeneration focuses on understanding all aspects of the sight-robbing condition.

First book that answered my questions!.......2000-09-22

I have been trying to find info on new treatments for macular degeneration. What is the difference between photodynamic therapy (PDT/Visudyne) versus transpupillary thermotherapy? This book covered all the latest treaments, even ones in experimental stages. Amazingly, the book is also comprehensive in its discussion of diet and alternative therapies. As well, it explained all the nuts and bolts of the disease process. I found it exciting to read and quite inspiring. It is a "must read" if you have macular degeneration.

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