Book Description
Unlike the first edition, which was more a collection of lens designs for use in larger projects, the 2nd edition of Modern Lens Design is an optical “how-to.” Delving deep into the mechanics of lens design, optics legend Warren J. Smith reveals time-tested methods for designing top-quality lenses. He deals with lens design software, primarily OSLO, by far the current market leaders, and provides 7 comprehensive worked examples, all new to this edition. With this book in hand, there’s no lens an optical engineer can’t design.
Customer Reviews:
Practical Textbook on lens design now in 2nd Edition.......2004-12-08
Excerpt: My personal optical design experience has spanned more than five decades. They have been exciting, fascinating, and delightful decades; I have enjoyed each one. During that half century, lens design has changed radically. In the mid-twentieth century, lens design was still a semi-intuitive art, practiced by a few dedicated individuals of great per-severance, knowledge, and skill. And by mid-century most of the classic lens design forms had already been created. To this day, these designs are still the basis of many excellent modern optical systems.
Of course the practice of lens design today is radically different from what it was in the 1940s and 50s. Then, most optical design was done with an electromechanical desk calculator (e.g., Marchant, Frieden, and Monroe), and the raytracing rate, measured in terms of the number of surfaces through which one could trace the path of a ray in a given amount of time, was to the order of one ray surface in about 250s (if one were to work at it continuously through the day). Thus, using the cur-rent dimensions for raytracing speed, one did about 0.004 ray-surfaces per second. And these were only meridional two-dimensional rays, not the three-dimensional general rays ordinarily traced today. A great deal of ingenuity (and elegant theory) went into finding ways to avoid tracing any more rays than were absolutely necessary.
Thanks to the modern personal computer or PC, the computing rate has increased almost unbelievably. Today a run-of-the-mill PC is capable of calculating several million ray-surfaces per second; this is about nine or ten orders of magnitude faster. Needless to say the techniques of lens design today differ mightily from those of fifty or sixty years ago. Then, the designer might calculate the derivatives of a few aberrations with respect to a limited number of constructional parameters and solve a small set of simultaneous, linear equations in the course of correcting his lens. These limited calculations were all carefully selected on the basis of theory, experience, and intuition. (Interestingly, one of the very real problems facing designers today is that the computer spews out
numbers so rapidly that it takes strong self-discipline just to make one-self stop and think.)
In modern lens design work, a computer program almost instantaneously calculates and solves equations which are far more than an order of magnitude more complex and extensive than those cited above. It is not atypical for the computer program to control about 50 lens performance characteristics by adjusting the values of some 20 or 30 construction parameters of the optical system. These latter numbers imply a design space with 20 or 30 dimensions, a complex space indeed.
There are, however, some real limitations on the power of a so-called automatic lens design program. The typical program proceeds from a given starting design and drives the design to the nearest local optimum, a form at which any small structural changes will degrade the system performance. System performance is judged by a set of calculated characteristics defined in a merit function, which would be better termed a defect or error function, since the characteristics in it represent departures from desired values.
Obviously then, the final automatic design solution is completely and uniquely determined by (a) the merit function, (b) the starting design form, and (c) the algorithm by which the computer solves the problem of locating an optimum design form with the minimum value of the merit function.
When the first edition of Modern Lens Design (MLD) was published, there was a great need for a collection of suitable design forms at which to start the design process, and MLD provided almost 300 lens designs for this purpose. These designs were selected not only as starting points, but also as illustrations of important design principles. At the present time the need for sample designs, while still real, is significantly less, largely because most optical design programs now include libraries of lens designs. (These programs also include random search design capabilities which permit large changes in lens forms.) For example, all of the lens designs in the first edition of MLD (plus many others) are included in the lens libraries of the optical design program OSLO (a product of Lambda Research Corp.). Another program, LensVIEW by Brian Caldwell, is a compilation of over 30,000 lens designs and patents.
That said, it is (at least it is for me) far more easy and convenient to scan and compare a series of printed design pages than it is to do the same thing on a computer screen (even with the multiwindow capabilities of many programs). For this and other reasons this second edition of MLD has retained about half of the original designs and has added some new ones. The reader may also find some additional designs in the works referenced at the end of the book.
The practice of lens design is now essentially an engineering discipline. While this book is intended to be self-contained, we deliberately
do not include a lot of derivations, or even the mechanics of exact ray tracing. And as valuable and cherished as they may be in academia, we happily omit any derivations from first principles, Maxwell's equations, or Fermat's principle. These are simply not necessary for a book on lens design. We make one exception to the no "ray tracing" rule, namely for the tracing of paraxial rays, which a lens designer often carries out by hand, or with a programmed pocket calculator. This topic is covered in the Formulary of Chapter 24, along with other valuable and frequently used geometrical optics relationships.
However, there is currently a growing need for a more detailed exposition of basic lens design and theory in a single volume. The first edition of MLD was a "companion" volume to the author's Modern Optical Engineering. Several very basic lens design books have recently appeared; some are almost extended user manuals written for a specific design program. This edition of MLD is definitely not intended as a user manual, or as a guide to any specific program. It is an attempt to go well beyond this level by presenting both the basics of, and a more advanced approach to, lens design. The intent is to advise the reader how to get the most from any computer lens design program. To this end, about half of the lens designs in the first edition of MLD have been eliminated to make room for quite a bit of new material.
The text is, as far as possible, completely program neutral. I have tried to make the material regarding design programs as generic as I could, discussing features that are available in almost all commercial soft-ware. I have used OSLO for the design work demonstrated in the text, and for preparing the new figures. (The lens analysis figures in the first edition of MLD were prepared with a customized version of the program GENII, using a new and unique presentation style which is now widely available; for an example, see the OSLO aberration plots herein.)
Most neophyte lens designers very quickly get past the basics and learn to use their computer programs with a high level of proficiency. At this point, what they need most is an answer to the question, "What do I do now?" Much of the new material in this edition is designed to this end and takes the form of actual design projects carried out from scratch, warts and all. (In other words, I have not papered over the blunders I made in the design process.) These designs include a cemented doublet, a triplet anastigmat, a Tessar, a Heliar, a Dogmar, a telephoto, a Schmidt cassegrain, a binocular eyepiece, an apochromatic triplet, and a landscape lens. Many of these design stories are carried out to some length to illustrate all of the possible steps that can be taken to improve a design. Every initial assumption is explained and justified. These design descriptions not only show the basic design
approach, but continue on with advanced steps and the rationale for them.
I have surveyed the literature at some length for any design techniques which might have a general applicability (as well as the reported specific use for the writer's specific problem). Some were found in the references listed at the end of the book. For the most part, the design techniques described here are those which I have found to be useful in working with an optimization program. Many of the techniques have been developed or refined during more than two decades of teaching courses in lens design; indeed some of these ideas were suggested or inspired by my students. Other valuable sources were the many informal discussions that I have been fortunate to have with my colleagues.
For better or worse, one can never seem to squeeze all the material that you want into a book. At the manuscript deadline date there is always at least one more feature that you wished there was enough time to develop, write, and include. But I suppose that if there were time, no book would ever be finished.
Surprisingly, there are only a modest number of well-understood and widely utilized principles of optical design. If one can master a thorough understanding of these principles, their effects, and their mechanisms, it is easy to recognize them in existing designs and also easy to apply them to one's own design work. It is the intent here to promote such understanding by presenting both expositions and annotated design examples of these principles.
Readers are free to use the designs in this book as starting points for their own design efforts, or in any other way they see fit. The reader must accept full responsibility for meeting whatever limitations are imposed on the use of these designs by any patent, copyright, or other (whether indicated herein or not).
Product Description
Describes all relevant physical and
structural data - most of them recently investigated - of earth as a building
material earth, explains all earth construction techniques, gives guidelines
for repairing earth buildings, illustrates the variety of applications from
improved earth building components and depicts several representative earth
buildings from all over the world.
Customer Reviews:
Too Costly for the information contained in.......2004-05-12
The book is unnecessarily made too costly for the information within. There are several good books available at a lower price.
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Modern Lens Design: A Resource Manual
Warren J. Smith , and
Inc. Genesee Optics Software
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Modern Lens Design (McGraw-Hill Professional Engineering)
ASIN: 0070591784 |
Book Description
Published in 1964 and long out of print, copies of Cox's A System of Optical Design are covered by experienced lens designers simply because a small section of the book features lens design examples. Such examples are notoriously difficult to find and the hundred-odd pages of Cox's book that include them are widely photocopied and constantly referred to by designers in the know. Finally, lens designers have a better place to turn. The most complete and authoritative work of its kind ever published, Modern Lens Design includes over 400 pages of proven lens design examples for both commercial and military applications. A perfect complement to Smith's best-selling Modern Optical Engineering, it features designs of everything from camera lenses to laser collimators.
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- great reference book to own
- A Great Resource.
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In Detail: Single Family Houses (In Detail (englisch))
ASIN: 3211834915 |
Book Description
The modern Construction Handbook examines a very wide range of construction options available to the contemporary designer in a concise, digestible format. It illustrates the wide spectrum of construction techniques in use, explaining how materials are chosen and the performance criteria that determine the way they are assembled. Throughout the book, built examples by high profile designers are used to illustrate generally accepted principles. The construction techniques described are applicable internationally. Each of the book’s six chapters examines a particular aspect of construction from materials to structure, walls, roofs, environmental design and internal fittings. Specific elements are clearly explained, using a spread-by-spread approach, accompanied by fully annotated drawn details. The Modern Construction Handbook will provide a unique resource for the practising architect and student, as well as other members of the design team.
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great reference book to own.......2007-10-02
This particular book is a great reference for architectural students. It shows all types of materials, connections of materials, etc. It is a must have.
A Great Resource........2002-02-04
I have found this book so helpful that it sits immediately adjacent to my copy of Architectural Graphic Standards.
If you follow architectural publications, you will find this handbook catalogs recent noteworthy works that you are familiar with, and many others that you are not. Specifically, this book is organized according to specific building component types (i.e. curtainwall systems, millwork, stairs.) For each of these types, the book offers a color photograph of a built example, and then several blackline details revealing the technical composition required for such an aesthetic effect. The best thing is, the book offers 3+ examples of each component type.
I recommend this book for all practicing architects who are involved in all scales of building types.
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What it really takes to succeed beyond the sidewalks and power lines. Discover the tried-and-true secrets from those who have made wilderness living a success. This is the rest of the story: the information you don't see in most "homesteading" publications! The Modern Homestead Manual builds hope and confidence, dispels myths, and tells it like it is.
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A great how-to resource. A book of Homesteading truths!.......1998-09-30
When I picked up The Modern Homestead Manual, and opened the front cover, I read the dedication - the forward - the introduction - chapter 1 ..........all the way to the reference section!
Unlike many books that I pick up, this book held my attention from page one! There is nothing more frustrating than reading through a "how-to" manual, and never really getting to the good stuff! There are volumes of books that tell "what" you should do, it's so refreshing to read a book that actually gives you some "how-to" information.
If you're desire is to be more self sufficient, this book is a great place to start! There are so many opinions as to the real meaning of homesteading. I love the simple meaning that Skip & Cat give:
Homesteaders = Homesteaders are worthy stewards of the earth.
The Modern Homestead Manual builds hope and confidence, dispels myths, and tells it like it is. Because Skip & Cat are actually living the homestead life, they are able to give us true insight on what it really takes to live beyond the power lines & sidewalks.
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Handbook of Modern Construction Law
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1997 Yearbook Supplement to McGraw-Hill's National Electrical Code Handbook (Mcgraw Hill's National Electrical Code Handbook Supplement)
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Vision and Death of Aubrey Beardsley
Derek Stanford
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Weighing the Planets
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America's first celebrated economist-developer of the Fisher equation, the Fisher hypothesis, and the Fisher separation theorem-offers here a rational foundation for the most fundamental of concepts behind the modern economics: capital and income. This 1906 textbooks explores such ideas as. . the difference between wealth and property rights . why one bankruptcy leads to another . the difficulties of defining income . the "premium" and "price" concepts of interest . risk in the economic arena . and much more.
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This digital document is an article from The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, published by Thomson Gale on January 1, 2005. The length of the article is 2720 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
From the author: In this essay James Tobin reminds us of the importance of Irving Fisher's great book and how that book was favorably received by economists. Fisher presented fundamental definitions and supplied a path breaking exposition of the mathematics of interest rates and their relationship to the valuation of assets. This essay was originally published as the "Editorial Introduction to Volume 2 of the Works of Irving Fisher, 14 vols London: Pickering & Chatto, 1997; 2:1-6.
Citation Details
Title: Fisher's the nature of capital and income *.
Author: James Tobin
Publication:
The American Journal of Economics and Sociology (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 64
Issue: 1
Page: 207(8)
Distributed by Thomson Gale
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Nature of capitol and income
Frank A Fetter
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Modern Optical Engineering
Optical System Design
Lens Design, Fourth Edition (Optical Science and Engineering Series)
Introduction to Lens Design: With Practical Zemax Examples
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