Book Description
Antimony, arsenic, bismuth, germanium, lead, selenium, tellurium and tin just some of the elements which, in trace amounts, have biological, environmental and technological importance. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry describes one of the most accurate analytical techniques for trace analysis of these elements, sensitive to picogram levels. Over the last decade, significant instrumental and methodological progress has led to HG-AAS being widely applied to an extensive range of sample types. In this first comprehensive monograph on HG-AAS, the authors treat both theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject in a critical and in-depth manner. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is divided into two parts, with the theoretical background and experimental approach covered in Part I. Part II discusses the methodology and analytical applications to a wide range of fields, arranged in an easy to use element-by-element format. Over 1500 references provide an exhaustive coverage of the vast literature on HG-AAS, making Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry the premier reference source on this important technique. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry will be an invaluable reference work for all analysts using hydride generation for AAS or for other spectrometric methods. It will also be of great interest to researchers and students working in atomic spectrometry and trace analysis.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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A method for the removal of the interference caused by iron on electrochemical generation of stibine is proposed. It consists of a chelating resin Chelex 100 column integrated into a flow injection system and coupled to the electrochemical hydride generator quartz tube atomic absorption spectrometer (EcHG-QT-AAS). Iron, as Fe(II), is retained in the column with high efficiency, close to 99.9% under optimal conditions. No significant retention was observed for Sb(III) under same conditions and a 97+/-5% signal recovery was achieved. An electrochemical hydride generator with a concentric configuration and a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode was employed. The system is able to determine antimony concentrations in the range of ngml^-^1 in presence of iron concentrations up to 400mgl^-^1. The procedure was validated by analyzing PACS-2 marine sediments reference material with a 4% (w/w) iron content and a [Fe]:[Sb] ratio of 4000:1, which caused total antimony signal suppression on the electrochemical hydride generation system. A compost sample with high iron content (0.7%, w/w), was also analyzed. A good agreement was found on both samples with the certified value and the antimony concentration determined by ICP-MS, respectively.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A simple and robust on-line sequential insertion system coupled with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) was developed, for selective As(III) and total inorganic arsenic determination without pre-reduction step. The proposed manifold, which is employing an integrated reaction chamber/gas-liquid separator (RC-GLS), is characterized by the ability of the successful managing of variable sample volumes (up to 25ml), in order to achieve high sensitivity. Arsine is able to be selectively generated either from inorganic As(III) or from total arsenic, using different concentrations of HCl and NaBH"4 solutions. For 8ml sample volume consumption, the sampling frequency is 40h^-^1. The detection limit is c"L=0.1 and 0.06@mgl^-^1 for As(III) and total arsenic, respectively. The precision (relative standard deviation) at 2.0@mgl^-^1 (n=10) level is s"r=2.9 and 3.1% for As(III) and total arsenic, respectively. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing the certified reference material NIST CRM 1643d and spiked water samples with various concentration ratios of As(III) to As(V). The method was applied for arsenic speciation in natural waters samples. ers samples.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A novel flow injection (FI) solid phase extraction method for the determination of arsenic(III) at trace levels was developed, using on-line hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Selective determination of As(III) was achieved by on-line formation and retention of the pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate arsenic complex As(III)-PDC on the PTFE turnings which are packed in the preconcentration micro-column. The retained complex was eluted by 2ml 2moll^-^1 HCl and subsequently introduced on-line into the integrated reaction chamber/gas-liquid separator (RC-GLS). A 1.5% (m/v) NaBH"4 solution was used for arsine generation, while a gas stream of N"2 was employed for flash release and transportation towards the atomic absorption flow through cell (AAC) for atomization and measurement. The excellent performance of PTFE turnings as sorbent material and the compact design of the RC-GLS result to high sensitivity, selectivity and sampling frequency. For 60s preconcentration time and sample consumption 10.4ml a sampling frequency of 25h^-^1 and a detection limit of c"L=0.02@mgl^-^1 were obtained. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), at 1.0@mgl^-^1 As(III), was s"r=2.8%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the selective determination of As(III) in natural waters and total arsenic determination in certified reference material.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A novel flow injection (FI) solid phase extraction method for the determination of arsenic(III) at trace levels was developed, using on-line hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Selective determination of As(III) was achieved by on-line formation and retention of the pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate arsenic complex As(III)-PDC on the PTFE turnings which are packed in the preconcentration micro-column. The retained complex was eluted by 2ml 2moll^-^1 HCl and subsequently introduced on-line into the integrated reaction chamber/gas-liquid separator (RC-GLS). A 1.5% (m/v) NaBH"4 solution was used for arsine generation, while a gas stream of N"2 was employed for flash release and transportation towards the atomic absorption flow through cell (AAC) for atomization and measurement. The excellent performance of PTFE turnings as sorbent material and the compact design of the RC-GLS result to high sensitivity, selectivity and sampling frequency. For 60s preconcentration time and sample consumption 10.4ml a sampling frequency of 25h^-^1 and a detection limit of c"L=0.02@mgl^-^1 were obtained. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), at 1.0@mgl^-^1 As(III), was s"r=2.8%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the selective determination of As(III) in natural waters and total arsenic determination in certified reference material.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
The capabilities and limitations of the continuous flow injection hydride generation technique, coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry, for the speciation of major antimony species in seawater, were investigated. Two pre-concentration techniques were examined. After continuous flow injection hydride generation and collection onto a graphite tube coated with iridium, antimony was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The low detection limits obtained (~5ngl^-^1 for Sb(III) and ~10ngl^-^1 for Sb(V) for 2.5ml seawater samples) permitted the determination of Sb(III) and total antimony in seawater with the use of selective hydride generation and on-line UV photooxidation. The number of samples that can be analyzed is about 15 per hour for Sb(III) determinations and 10 per hour for total antimony determinations. The analysis of seawater samples showed that Sb(V) was the predominant species, even in the presence of important biological activity.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
A method based on flow injection-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG AAS) for the determination of trace amount of Te in lead and lead alloy is described. A flow injection system (FI) and related analytical parameters as well as Te determination and interference caused by Pb, Bi and Ag on Te were investigated. The Pb interference could be overcome by using a small sample volume, while the Bi interference could be overcome by thiourea. However, it was not possible to minimise the interference caused by Ag on Te. The optimised conditions for Te determination in the analysed samples were: 6moll^-^1 HCl as sample carrier solution, 0.75% (m/v) sodium tetrahydroborate as Te reductant, 40@ml of sample solution, and 200mlmin^-^1 Ar flow rate as carrier gas. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.0@mgg^-^1 Te (using 250mg of sample in 50ml final solution), the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.5@mgl^-^1 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 6% for five consecutive measurements of sample solution. The standard addition calibration method was used. Relatively high sample throughput (ca. 45 sample runs can be performed in a working hour), reduced sample manipulation since matrix separation is not necessary, and minor waste generation are the main advantages of the proposed method for Te determination by FI-HG AAS.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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An electrolytic hydride generation system for determination of another hydride forming element, cadmium, by catholyte variation electrochemical hydride generation (EcHG) atomic absorption spectrometry is described. A laboratory-made electrolytic cell with lead-tin alloy as cathode material is designed as electrolytic generator of molecular hydride. The influences of several parameters on the analytical signal have been evaluated using a Plackett-Burman experimental design. The significant parameters such as cathode surface area, electrolytic current, carrier gas flow rate and catholyte concentration have been optimized using univariate method. The analytical figures of merit of procedure developed were determined. The calibration curve was linear up to 20ngml^-^1of cadmium. The concentration detection limit (3@s, n=8) of 0.2ngml^-^1 and repeatability (relative standard deviation, n=7) of 3.1% were achieved at 10.0ngml^-^1. It was shown that interferences from major constituents at high concentrations were significant. The accuracy of method was verified using a real sample (spiked tap water) by standard addition calibration technique. Recovery of 104% was achieved for Cd in the spiked tap water sample.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
The interferences between arsenic and antimony on each other during the hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) determination of arsenic and antimony using a quartz tube atomizer (QTA) were examined. In order to eliminate or reduce such interferences by selective heat decomposition of arsine and stibine, a Pyrex adsorption U-tube trap containing glass wool was placed between the drying tube and the quartz tube atomizer. Although at 250^oC stibine decomposes and is held almost completely by the trap, arsine is also decomposed to an extent of 24% and, therefore, thermal decomposition is not useful to eliminate antimony interference on arsenic determination. The effect of coating the glass wool in the U-tube with antimony on the arsenic suppression of the antimony signal was studied. The results showed that the antimony coating in the U-tube could not hold arsenic effectively and its interference on the antimony signal could not be eliminated by this means. In the second part of the study, oxygen was supplied to the quartz tube atomizer during atomization in order to study the effect of supplying oxygen on the antimony signal and on the interference of arsenic in the antimony determination. Sensitivity was increased in the presence of oxygen and interferences of arsenic on antimony determination was decreased by about 10% when oxygen was supplied. It was also observed that the extent of interferences depended mainly on the interferent concentration rather than the analyte concentration.
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description:
This is the first publication which describes the development of a reference material (RM) for the determination of 11 trace elements (Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cd, Co, V, As and Al) in rainwater at microgram per liter concentrations. An interlaboratory comparison study for the determination of trace elements in rainwater was carried out for material performance studies to establish analyte concentrations with a stated uncertainty. Fifteen reputed laboratories from Asia, Europe and North America participated in the study. These laboratories used their regular in-house methods to analyze the rainwater samples. The aim of this study is to establish concentration levels of trace elements in rainwater based on interlaboratory study results. Details of the production, homogeneity and stability of the reference sample are given in this article. The organization of the study and the quality assurance measures undertaken at the organizer's laboratory are described. The analytical results obtained from individual laboratories and the analytical methods used for the determination of trace elements in rainwater are discussed. Based on the results obtained from the intercomparison study, certified values as well as informative values are assigned to the 11 trace elements in rainwater.
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Traffic and Granular Flow ' 03
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 3540258140 |
Book Description
This book continues the biannual series of conference proceedings, which has become a classical reference in traffic and granular research alike. It addresses new developments at the borderline between physics, engineering and computational science. Complex systems, where many simple agents, be it vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascinating phenomena. Topics include highway, pedestrian and internet traffic, long range interactions, two-phase flow, nonlinear pattern formation, data acquisition and technological applications.
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One will not find the name of William Clarke Quantrill in the pantheon of noble Civil War personalities but rather listed near the top of the list of its notorious scoundrels. He has been demonized as the devil incarnate, and most historical accounts portray him as a sadistic, pitiless, bloodthirsty killer. That image, however, did not ring true to Paul R. Petersen when he weighed it against the man's wartime accomplishments. When he began researching Quantrill of Missouri, he found that much of the lore that has been accepted as fact had been recorded by those who fought against Quantrill. In short, the victors wrote the history.
Petersen asks, "How could this so-called fiend have been a respected schoolteacher? How could he have organized and led up to four hundred men in the most noted band of guerrilla fighters known to history? How could he be so hated by his own men and still lead them in the most renowned battles through Missouri, winning victories over superior Union forces? Others entrusted their sons to him. Others served him as spies. Women willingly tended his wounded, and his followers even guarded him in battle. Most of his people were God-fearing farmers.…God-fearing, righteous people would not have followed a depraved, degenerate, psychotic killer."
The war in Missouri was vastly different from the set-piece encounters in Virginia and Tennessee. Here the war was personal, and no injury was forgotten or forgiven. In that environment, Quantrill's accomplishments rivaled those of John S. Mosby's partisan rangers and Nathan Bedford Forrest's Cavalry. But Quantrill's victories are labeled as massacres, and his men are judged to be murderers.
In the end, Petersen discovers a vastly different Quantrill, a leader who assessed the border situation and devised an effective military solution to the problems he faced. The result was what we know now as modern guerrilla warfare.
Customer Reviews:
The Real Quantrill.......2007-05-08
If you want to know what William Clarke Quantrill was really like, then this is THE book for you. Petersen really did his homework, questioned all the assumptions closely and paid attention to the answers he got back. This is the story of the War Between the States from the Missouri Point of View. Quantrill is shown for the hero he was instead of the psychopath his detractors have painted him to be (without substantiation, I might add.)
Apologetic license?.......2007-01-19
The author seems bent on tipping the balance from the negative portrayal of previous biographers such as Connelly to the extreme opposite. Indeed, this weighty tome seems to be not much more than a response to Connelly's biography at the expense of objectivity. William Quantrill may not have been the devil incarnate but he was also no saint. The author seems to put a lot of stock into "God-fearing people" who followed Quantrill as if to impute their righteousness to him - instead of guilt by association it is the equally unjustified righteousness by association. In the end we are given not an historical biography but an idolatrous apologetic of the Confederate guerrilla leader.
As a biography, this portrayal in an attitude of deep reverance for the subject only perpetuates the neo-Confederate myth. The same fault makes it untrustworthy as a political or military history. Perhaps the value is in it's adoption and example of the Confederate apologetic method. Truly the Confederate side of the history has been vilified to an unfair degree outside the context of the times. But countering the vilification with the opposite extreme does not provide balance. It only makes the Confederate side seem ludicrous and makes one question the purpose for their fight altogether rather than explaining the background of the conflict.
The fact that the text seems a response only to anti-Confederate biographers is evidenced further by little mention of more balanced biographies such as _The Devil Knows How to Ride_ by Edward Leslie. I would highly recommend that book for a more balanced approach. I was pleased to find that many of the works of Mr. Donald Hale and Ms. Joanne Eakin are identified as sources since I have found their work very helpful in my own study of the guerrilla war in Missouri. Their research has led them to gather many of the primary and secondary sources into collections for publication into single volumes. It is a labor of love for them that will help current and future researchers immensely in this study.
In contrast to the portrayal given in the text, the photographs and maps provided are first rate and help to place the reader in the context of the time.
A fact based account.......2006-02-19
I have done extensive reading and research on this topic over the last decade and this is the most well researched, complete, and accurate account that exists today. If you are looking for a book that just re-enforces your already preconceived notions - then try something much shorter and less well done. Otherwise I would highly recommend it to those looking for a complete, accurate, and well researched account. It is probably much more of a neutral view than a souther view. Since most of the related history that I have found has been an extreme "slant" on history by Northen side of the war, who got to control how history was recorded, this may appear to be a southern view. If you have researched this topic as much as I have done, it will appear as probably one of the few attempts at accurately recording this most difficult time in the history of the mid-west.
Hallmark Book.......2004-06-25
From a woman's point of view this book was fascinating reading. Mr. Petersen's book is by far the best book yet written about William Clarke Quantrill. Not only his new insights but his understanding and experience as a combat veteran enables Petersen to give the reader a clear understanding why guerrillas fought so desperately. For the first time a complete account has been compiled written in a clear and easy-to-read style professionally edited and produced by a leading publisher. Reviews by critics who claim their self ascribed knowledge, is immaterial compared to someone who has done years of research and has tangible proof to show for it. Critics who once lamblasted Quantrill's men were labeled as unqualified and irresponsible. Modern reviewers lacking education or credentials are still critical of anything not demonizing Quantrill by showing their bitterness and mean-spiritness in what Petersen has expertly portrayed in his new book. One man with courage makes a majority and I'm glad Petersen had the determination and fortitude to see this work put into print. It should set a new standard for books about the border war in Missouri.
Disappointing.......2004-06-13
Inasmuch as this book is the only available work on Quantrill by a living author that does not demonize its subject, I was prepared to use this review to defend it from its attackers--until I tried to read the book. Quite aside from errors and apparently deliberate distortions of fact, not to mention photos of dubious origin, and regardless of the fact that the same information is available in "previously written manuscripts, novels and personal accounts" that you might be able to acquire for a few hundred dollars (if you can find them), the book is very poorly written.
The author has a plodding, soporific style that reminds one of the "begats" of the Bible in its endless, repetitious recitation of jayhawker atrocities--or of an old man on a park bench at the county courthouse repeating the same anecdotes and stories over and over, repeatedly making the same point again and again in the same words, or nearly the same. Frankly, I gave up somewhere just past the middle. Maybe it has a thrilling ending. But I doubt it.
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Alexander Romanovich Luria: A Scientific Biography (Plenum Series in Russian Neuropsychology)
Evgenia D. Homskaya
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ASIN: 0306464942 |
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Alexander Romanovitch Luria is widely recognized as one of the most prominent neuropsychologists of the twentieth century. This book - written by his long-standing colleague and published in Russian by Moscow University Press in 1992, fifteen years after his death - is the first serious volume from outside the Luria family devoted to his life and work and includes the most comprehensive bibliography available anywhere of Luria's writings.
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