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Chemistry for Health Related Sciences Concepts and Correlations
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Natural Ethical Facts: Evolution, Connectionism, and Moral Cognition (Bradford Books)
William D. Casebeer
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ASIN: 0262033100 |
Book Description
In Natural Ethical Facts William Casebeer argues that we can articulate a fully naturalized ethical theory using concepts from evolutionary biology and cognitive science, and that we can study moral cognition just as we study other forms of cognition. His goal is to show that we have "softly fixed" human natures, that these natures are evolved, and that our lives go well or badly depending on how we satisfy the functional demands of these natures. Natural Ethical Facts is a comprehensive examination of what a plausible moral science would look like.
Casebeer begins by discussing the nature of ethics and the possible relationship between science and ethics. He then addresses David Hume's naturalistic fallacy and G. E. Moore's open-question argument, drawing on the work of John Dewey and W. V. O. Quine. He then proposes a functional account of ethics, offering corresponding biological and moral descriptions. Discussing in detail the neural correlates of moral cognition, he argues that neural networks can be used to model ethical function. He then discusses the impact his views of moral epistemology and ontology will have on traditional ethical theory and moral education, concluding that there is room for other moral theories as long as they take into consideration the functional aspect of ethics; the pragmatic neo-Aristotelian virtue theory he proposes thus serves as a moral "big tent." Finally, he addresses objections to ethical naturalism that may arise, and calls for a reconciliation of the sciences and the humanities. "Living well," Casebeer writes, "depends upon reweaving our ethical theories into the warp and woof of our scientific heritage, attending to the myriad consequences such a project will have for the way we live our lives and the manner in which we structure our collective moral institutions."
Customer Reviews:
Nice Try.......2005-11-16
Philosophical ethics generally takes the form of deriving moral principles from arguments based on reason alone. The only bow to empirical reality is, in Kant's phrase, "ought implies can"; i.e., a moral principle must be capable of being followed by normal mortals. This position is virtually forced upon philsophers who accept Hume's critique of the "naturalistic fallacy," according to which it is impossible to derive normative principles from empirical facts alone ("is" cannot imply "ought"), or Moore's argument that "the Good" cannot be reduced to a set of descriptions of the natural world.
Casebeer rejects both arguments, and attempts to develop a naturalistic ethical theory from human nature (evolution) and the structure of the human brain (connectionism), arriving at an Aristotelian "virtue theory" in which the virtuous person strikes the appropriate mean between possible extremes of social behavior. Casebeer's argument is an extended and rigorous defense of Paul Churchland's treatment of moral cognition as a "skill" that is learned by example. "Moral knowledge becomes" Casebeer concludes (p. 105) "...knowledge of the structure of our social environment and how to navigate effectively within it."
Casebeer is an intelligent and engaging writer, and there are many very interesting insights and arguments in this book, which I therefore recommend to others interested in ethics. However, I do not believe Casebeer succeeds in defending his position, and indeed, I think it is quite indefensible.
Ethics, for Casebeer, Churchland, and perhaps even Aristotle, is the study of how people should behave if they are to "flourish" in the sense of maximizing their human potential, which is what is meant by "navigating successfully" in society. Ethical behavior is like good manners and appropriate dress, all of which are higher level social skills that allow one to better cultivate the self. It is thus virtually taken for granted that if one knows what is ethically correct, one will naturally follow its precepts (Casebeer follows Aristotle in analyzing "akrasia"---knowing the right thing to do but choosing not to do it---to "weakness of will" or other forms of irrationality).
This view of morality is of some personal and social importance, but does not cover moral choices that involve sacrificing one's personal well-being on behalf of the well-being of others (e.g., voting, participating in a collective action, saving a drowning child, fighting bravely for one's country), or when to behave in certain ways that are personally costly but have higher moral value (e.g., being honest or working hard). Nor does this view cover basic issues of political ethics, such as when is authority justified, what is the proper division of labor between the sexes, is it ethical to buy and sell bodily organs, and should abortion be legal? These fall completely outside the framework of this book.
The relationship between ethics (even of the limited sort entertained by Casebeer) and connectionism is also less obviously important than the author would have us believe. Connectionism as a psychological theory is itself not highly plausible, despite the voluminous writings of its few advocates, since neural nets reflect some but probably not all of brain structure. Moreover, the only implication of connectionism with ethics that I could ascertain from this book (and the writings of Paul Churchland and other connectionists) is that moral teaching is better accomplished by example than by the listing of basic principles. This may be true, but it does not require connectionism and it is hardly an earthshaking insight.
A final point: there is virtually nothing about evolution in this book.
Book Description
This digital document is an article from The Review of Metaphysics, published by Philosophy Education Society, Inc. on December 1, 2004. The length of the article is 930 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Citation Details
Title: Casebeer, William D. Natural Ethical Facts: Evolution, Connectionism, and Moral Cognition.(Book Review)
Author: E. Christian Brugger
Publication:
The Review of Metaphysics (Refereed)
Date: December 1, 2004
Publisher: Philosophy Education Society, Inc.
Volume: 58
Issue: 2
Page: 429(2)
Article Type: Book Review
Distributed by Thomson Gale
Book Description
The development of uncooled infrared focal plane arrays began with the military's need to see the battlefield at night without any form of illumination. While the early arrays involved use of cryogenic systems, a new class of detection mechanisms that didn't require crygenic operation was developed in the United States in the 1980s. The author has been involved in development of this technology since then. This book is an introduction for both professionals and students. It covers uncooled thermal detection methods, fundamental performance limits, theoretical performance of thermoelectric, resistive, bolometric, and pyroelectric detection mechanisms, state-of-the-art in uncooled arrays, imaging systems, applications, and trends.
Book Description
Copublished with JCD Publishing. Thorough explanation of heat transfer, with concepts supported by thermograms. Intended for all who work with thermal imaging systems: researchers, system designers, test engineers, sales staff, and military and civilian end users.
Customer Reviews:
Excellent Book for Thermographers.......2000-11-11
From the publisher: Common Sense Approach to Thermal Imaging is now available.
Thermal imaging systems are used by the military to detect, recognize, and identify enemy personnel, equipment, and buildings. Police patrol border crossings and use thermal imaging systems for search and rescue. The systems are particularly useful for evaluating the condition of power lines, transformers, circuit breakers, and motors. Simply put, they can be used to evaluate the "health" of any electrical or mechanical component.
This profusely illustrated book provides the underlying physics of why and how objects emit radiation. Since this radiation is related to temperature, it is relatively to determine an object's temperature. By using both simple and complex math, this book is intended for all that work with thermal imaging systems. This includes the researcher, system designer, test engineer, salesman, and end user. Since civilian and military applications are discussed, this book is useful to both communities.
Co published by SPIE Press and JCD Publishing
Book Description
Infrared energy radiated from the surface of natural and manufactured objects enables us to detect and identify objects and to examine their thermal behavior. Commercial applications of infrared sensing and imaging instruments are evolving as instrumentation and techniques mature. This second edition provides practical information needed for a variety of applications.
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Applications of Thermal Imaging
S. G. Burnay , and
T. L. Williams
Manufacturer: Institute of Physics Publishing
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ASIN: 0852744218 |
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Infrared Methodology and Technology (Nondestructive Testing Monographs and Tracts, Vol 7)
Maldaque
Manufacturer: CRC
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ASIN: 2881245900 |
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Infrared Methodology and Technology focuses on the growth and potential uses of infrared thermography as a nondestructive testing and monitoring technique. Part I of this monograph is an introduction to current infrared NDT theory and technology; Part II describes the wide range of infrared NDT and monitoring applications. This unique book is enhanced by quality colour artwork and an extensive bibliography of infrared and thermal NDT.
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Infrared Thermography (Microwave and RF Techniques and Applications)
G. Gaussorgues , and
S. Chomet
Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 0412479001 |
Book Description
Infrared Thermography gives a thorough introduction to the principles, techniques, and applications of infrared imaging systems. With its comprehensive coverage and applications orientation, this book provides an ideal tutorial introduction to engineers and scientists interested in applying infrared thermography.
Book Description
Citation Details
Distributed by ProQuest Information and Learning
Book Description
It has been two decades since Detective Francis X. Loughlin solved his first big case, the brutal murder of a woman doctor. The young man convicted of the killing, Julian Vega, is back on the streets now, released on a technicality after years of appeals. Not long after his release, another murder takes place, one so similar to that long-ago case that Julian is the first suspect in Detective Loughlins sights. However, the DNA evidence that is now a routine part of policework points in an impossible direction. If the evidence is correct, Loughlin has to rethink decades of certaintyand Julian may be the only person alive who can help him make it through this case. With his laser-sharp vision for motives and secrets of human nature, Peter Blauner has crafted a crime story of the highest order, in which the ending is an unguessable shock and the characters are unforgettably real. Blauner is at the top of his form in this chilling tour de force, a novel that will keep readers guessing until the very last page.
Customer Reviews:
The skewed scales of justice.......2007-07-29
Peter Blauner"s "Slipping into Darkness" is a crime mystery which has a refreshing twist. The novel's two protagonists Julian Vega and Francis X. Loughlin are positioned on opposite ends of a crime committed 20 years ago. Vega, then a naive 17 year Puerto Rican old schoolboy was convicted of the brutal murder of young doctor Allison Wallis, a tenant in the apartment Vega's dad worked as the super. An aggressive interrogation without legal council, by Loughlin, a young police officer, recently reinstated after alcohol rehabiliatation helped cinch the conviction.
As the novel commences the victim, Wallis' body is being exumed. Vega had been released from prison on a technicality and was now being represented by an aggressive defense attorney. Loughlin was directed to reopen the investigation to retry Vega using DNA evidence not available then but now implicating the now hardened ex-con in the crime.
Loughlin who railroaded Vega for the murder, ignoring certain conflicting aspects of evidence is stunned when a similar crime occurs, the murder of a young doctor, once again impicating Vega. Evidence however presents a muddled picture as the DNA profile of the original murder victim is found at the scene of the new crime.
Throughout the novel both protagonists plod through their penitent existence trying to come to grips with the harsh twists of fate life presents. Vega, robbed of the most productive years of his life and lacking social experience is trying to become assimilated into a society that has no affection for a high profile criminal. Loughlin, plagued with self doubt about implicating Vega is seemingly being punished for perceived misdeeds as a progressive eye disease in slowly robbing him of sight.
Both characters come into conflict as the investigations into both crimes progresses to a mildly startling conclusion.
Held My Interest.......2007-07-13
I purchased this book based on the reviews by other readers, and I thoroughly enjoyed it. The ending is not what I'm used to or expected, and that makes it all the more interesting.
I will be buying more books by Peter Blauner.
Working Class Poet.......2007-02-28
I've long been a fan of James Lee Burke's novels, never expecting to find another author with the same depth of characters and moral labyrinths. After stumbling upon an online interview with Mr. Blauner, I decided to give this book a shot.
"Slipping into Darkness" parallels the story of Julian Vega, a young man convicted of murder, and Francis Loughlin, the one responsible for putting Vega away for twenty years. Now, released from prison on a technicality, Julian tries to restore his good name and that of his deceased father--an immigrant whose reputation was tarnished during the decades-old investigation. Julian also tries to find his footing back in the free world, while struggling with his prison-survival mentality. At the same time, Francis is facing his own weaknesses as a cop and a human being, as symbolized through the deterioration of his eye sight. Even as he tries to hide his handicap from his wife and his new partner on the Job, Francis is confronted with a new murder investigation that points fingers once again at the recently-released Julian.
Aside from the completely believable characters that Blauner creates in this story, the most amazing accomplishment is the empathy he stirs in the reader for both Julian and Francis. Neither man is perfect. Both make horrible mistakes. Both are subject to poor decision-making. And yet, both are so human and normal and real, that we are caught up in their internal and external conflicts. These conflicts are intensified by a satisfying mystery plot that leaves things unfinished till the final thirty pages.
This is not squeaky clean fiction, with tidy answers, and diatribes on forgiveness. Despite this--or perhaps, because of it--"Slipping into Darkness" manages to pack a powerful punch, showing the results of bitterness, stubborness, and potential redemption. Blauner has stormed onto my fictional radar. And I'm sure he'll be there for a long time.
We all pay for our sins.......2007-02-13
Fine characters. Good puzzle. Life is hard and time costs us all. A cut above the usual.
SENSATIONAL - ONE OF THE YEAR'S BEST!.......2007-02-05
No need to re-state the storyline here, that's been done enough, so just let me say that if you read only one book this year in this genre, this should be it. I found it so compelling that I read it in 2 sittings, neglecting several things I should have been doing to get to the conclusion, though I didn't really want the book to end. The characters are so vivid & the writing has such style, intelligence, & sincerity that I think I may have to put Blauner right at the top of my TOP FIVE AUTHORS list! This is brilliant, suspensful writing that you don't want to miss! HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.
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