Standard Pressure Volume Temperature Data for Polymers
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    Standard Pressure Volume Temperature Data for Polymers
    David Walsh , and Paul Zoller
    Manufacturer: CRC
    ProductGroup: Book
    Binding: Loose Leaf

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    ASIN: 1566763282

    Book Description

    From the Introduction PVT data consists of records of the specific volume of a material (or its inverse, the density) as a function of pressure and temperature. There are many reasons why the specific volume of a material will undergo changes: changes in the temperature and pressure (thermal expansion and compression), phase changes (solid-solid phase transitions, melting, crystallization, glass transitions, mesophase transitions), degradation reactions, and many more. Conversely, PVT measurements can be used to study these phenomena and also to yield derivative data of direct importance to engineering applications of materials (compressibility, bulk modulus, thermal expansivity, etc.). PVT methods are part of a wide array of thermoanalytical techniques available to scientists and engineers, but PVT is the only commonly practiced technique that includes pressure as a variable. Polymers are sensitive to pressure: the volume itself, the pressure dependence of transition temperatures, and the kinetics of phase transitions are all significant, not only from a scientific point of view, but also for practical applications in polymer engineering, such as processing. Now published. This unique polymer reference book will be useful to all those involved in polymer research and advanced engineering. The more than 350 tables and graphs provide a wealth of important data in easy-to-use form. The introductory chapter provides details on methodology, equipment use, and information on the many ways in which PVT data can be used in research and engineering.

    Information Foraging Theory: Adaptive Interaction with Information (Oxford Series in Human-Technology Interaction)
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      Information Foraging Theory: Adaptive Interaction with Information (Oxford Series in Human-Technology Interaction)
      Peter L. T. Pirolli
      Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Hardcover

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      1. Designing Interactions Designing Interactions
      2. Sketching User Experiences:  Getting the Design Right and the Right Design (Interactive Technologies) Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design (Interactive Technologies)
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      ASIN: 0195173325

      Book Description

      Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.
      Social Foraging Theory
      Average customer rating: 4 out of 5 stars
      • Social Foraging Theory
      • Putting social back into foraging
      • The art of being complicated
      • a synthesis of foraging behavior
      Social Foraging Theory
      Luc-Alain Giraldeau , and Thomas Caraco
      Manufacturer: Princeton University Press
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Paperback

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      1. Foraging Theory Foraging Theory

      ASIN: 0691048770

      Book Description

      Although there is extensive literature in the field of behavioral ecology that attempts to explain foraging of individuals, social foraging--the ways in which animals search and compete for food in groups--has been relatively neglected. This book redresses that situation by providing both a synthesis of the existing literature and a new theory of social foraging. Giraldeau and Caraco develop models informed by game theory that offer a new framework for analysis. Social Foraging Theory contains the most comprehensive theoretical approach to its subject, coupled with quantitative methods that will underpin future work in the field. The new models and approaches that are outlined here will encourage new research directions and applications.

      To date, the analysis of social foraging has lacked unifying themes, clear recognition of the problems inherent in the study of social foraging, and consistent interaction between theory and experiments. This book identifies social foraging as an economic interaction between the actions of individuals and those of other foragers. This interdependence raises complex questions about the size of foraging groups, the diversity of resources used, and the propensity of group members to exploit each other or forage cooperatively. The models developed in the book will allow researchers to test their own approaches and predictions. Many years in development, Social Foraging Theory will interest researchers and graduate students in such areas as behavioral ecology, population ecology, evolutionary biology, and wildlife management.

      Customer Reviews:

      5 out of 5 stars Social Foraging Theory.......2002-02-24

      This is an excellent theoretical study. The mathematics seemed to explain general patters, and offered insights to the field worker. The organization was logical and the extensions of behavioral models to ecological processes suggest new directions for both theoretical and experimental work. A broad range of biological scientists should read this book.

      5 out of 5 stars Putting social back into foraging.......2001-03-01

      This is an excellent and timely book, about the behavioral ecology of foraging in animals. This is a field that lacked progress since optimal foraging theories in the 1970's, and the authors make clear why, namely that the social dimension has too often been ignored. The authors remedy this omission and provide a clear and comprehensive overview of contemporary views on foraging theory in a social context.

      1 out of 5 stars The art of being complicated.......2001-02-14

      This book is the art of writing complex and no attempt has been made to simplify the (indeed complex) field of behavioral ecology in general and foraging theory in particular. This is a book for the specialist only, certainly not for students, neither for graduates, not even for researchers working aside the very narrow field of foraging theory. The book is not very well organized, and one gets lost rapidly. If mathematics are not your strong point, or your background is weak, you will have a hard time with that book. The writing is somewhat stiff, complicated and argumentation difficult to follow. I certainly do not recommend it unless you are a very specialist of foraging theory, or want to be one.

      5 out of 5 stars a synthesis of foraging behavior.......2000-10-12

      This book brings the different components of social foraging behavior into one general comprehensive theory. For instance, this book does a great job at linking the benefits and costs of living in group. It goes through detailed, well explained, models to bring general tendencies and go beyond that in providing predictions to test for the years to come. This book is easy to read and provide the best review of social foraging to date. I recommend it to anyone interested in behavioral and population ecology.
      Foraging Theory
      Average customer rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars
      • a much cited classic
      • the classic
      • Extremely Weak on Content
      • A love-hate relationship
      Foraging Theory
      David W. Stephens , and John R. Krebs
      Manufacturer: Princeton University Press
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Paperback

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      4. Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach
      5. Evolution and the Theory of Games Evolution and the Theory of Games

      ASIN: 0691084424

      Customer Reviews:

      5 out of 5 stars a much cited classic.......2007-08-09

      Foraging Theory is truly indispensable for anyone working on foraging of any kind. It is a great reference that I seem to keep going back to. My copy is nearly destroyed with notes and coffee stains. I would go so far as to label it unavoidable, because it is cited in so many papers and reviews. Thankfully, as a math-centered, unavoidable book, it is also a pleasure to read. I find that the writing is extremely clear and I enjoyed the breadth of examples the authors chose. When I first picked up the book early on in my education, I also found it to be a really nice first introduction to understanding models in general.

      I saw where it was recently listed as a top 10 most cited book in ecology and evolution. That should certainly tell you something.

      4 out of 5 stars the classic.......2004-01-08

      I never write reviews but I had to respond to a negative review of this book that I just read. This has been THE foraging theory book since it was published. Granted, a great deal of work has built upon original foraging theory that is not included in this book. To me, that merely suggests that the publishers should encourage the authors to write an updated version even if they are unlikely to agree. Having been involved in this area of research for the past ten years I can tell you that if you intend to do any sort of foraging work, you will find this a useful reference. I have bought this book twice already due to people "borrowing" it permanently. In fact I looked up the book because I am once again missing my copy!

      It is true that the book is a bit heavy on the math but as this book is about ecological theory it should not surprise readers. Despite the theoretical approach, is certainly possible to learn a great deal from the book without a math background. There are definitely more current books on the topic as well as a large body of scientific literature on the subject but this book still remains one of the more used books on my shelf.

      1 out of 5 stars Extremely Weak on Content.......2001-11-03

      This work on foraging theory is extremely weak on all aspects of foraging theory or ecology. I would recommend to interested individuals almost all other textbooks on foraging, most which are much more informative.

      4 out of 5 stars A love-hate relationship.......2000-06-19

      During the course of my Ph.D. (still unfinished), I have worked my way through Stephens and Krebs' "Foraging Theory" four times. Here are my impressions:

      The book is very well organized; chapters introduce new concepts incrementally, and the overall flow is very good. The authors start with the classical patch and prey models, adding complexity in later chapters. Separate chapters address trade-offs and simultaneous optimization, dynamic optimization, and rules-of-thumb. The concluding chapters consider model testing and the success of the optimization paradigm.

      The writing is somewhat stiff, but still pretty good for a technical work. The bit about how great tits rarely feed on conveyor belts in nature is an exemplar of scientific understatement.

      If mathematics are not your strong point, or your background is weak, you will have a hard time with many of the proofs. I skipped over most of these sections expecting to get the gist of the material, only to regret my decision during my comprehensive exams!

      While Stephens and Krebs provide a thorough overview of the material, "Foraging Theory" suffers from one serious flaw. The presentation focuses on model development, rather than analysis and interpretation. In order to truly understand these models, the student absolutely must work through "real" examples under the tutelage of an experienced mentor.

      The binding has held up very well. The book looks nearly new, despite having been stomped on several times and thrown out a third-story window at least once.

      Even after all of these years, "Foraging Theory" still represents the state-of-the-art in optimization-based approaches to behavioral analysis.
      Eat or be Eaten: Predator Sensitive Foraging Among Primates
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        Eat or be Eaten: Predator Sensitive Foraging Among Primates

        Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
        ProductGroup: Book
        Binding: Hardcover

        PhysicalPhysical | Anthropology | Social Sciences | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books
        Apes & MonkeysApes & Monkeys | Animals | Biological Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books
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        ASIN: 0521804515

        Book Description

        This volume brings together primary data from a variety of primate species living in both natural habitats and experimental settings, and explores the variables that may play a role in primates' behavioral strategies. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that predator sensitive foraging is relevant to many primates, of various body sizes and group sizes and living in different environments. Eat or be Eaten encourages further discussion and investigation of the subject and will make fascinating reading for researchers and students in primatology, ecology, and animal behavior.

        Download Description

        Predator sensitive foraging represents the strategies that animals employ to balance the need to eat against the need to avoid being eaten. Ecologists working with a wide range of taxa have developed sophisticated theoretical models of these strategies, and have produced elegant data to test them. However, only recently have primatologists begun to turn their attention to this area of research. This volume brings together primary data from a variety of primate species living in both natural habitats and experimental settings, and explores the variables that may play a role in primates' behavioural strategies. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that predator sensitive foraging is relevant to many primates, of various body sizes and group sizes and living in different environments. Eat or be Eaten encourages further discussion and investigation of the subject. It will make fascinating reading for researchers and students in primatology, ecology and animal behaviour.
        Foraging: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior, Volume Vi (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior)
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          Foraging: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior, Volume Vi (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior)

          Manufacturer: Lawrence Erlbaum
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Hardcover

          Experimental PsychologyExperimental Psychology | Psychology & Counseling | Health, Mind & Body | Subjects | Books
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          ASIN: 0898595509

          Book Description

          The sixth volume in this respected series systematically presents and evaluates quantitative models of various foraging phenomena, including: steady state decision rules; acquisition of decision rules; perception and learning in foraging behavior. br

          Application of central-place foraging theory shows the importance of Mediterranean dehesas for the conservation of the cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus [An article from: Biological Conservation]
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            Application of central-place foraging theory shows the importance of Mediterranean dehesas for the conservation of the cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus [An article from: Biological Conservation]
            M. Carrete , and J.A. Donazar
            Manufacturer: Elsevier
            ProductGroup: Book
            Binding: Digital

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            ASIN: B000RR74FU

            Book Description

            This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

            Description:
            The dehesa (oak woodland) is an extensive agro-pastoral ecosystem characteristic of the Western Mediterranean countries which is suffering a great transformation process since 1950. Although its distribution largely overlaps with several endangered species, there is scarce information on how they use this human-transformed habitat. We studied the foraging habitat selection of one of them, the cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus. We radio-tracked 14 cinereous vultures in one of the largest European colonies from 1998 to 2000. Used and available habitats were compared at two scales using compositional analysis. Moreover, we developed a distance-based GLMM for assessing habitat selection in this central-place forager species, by taking into account the spatial distribution of habitat patches in relation to the location of the colony. Home ranges overlapped over a total surface of 592,527ha around the colony, and both individual home ranges and travel foraging distances (mean 27.86km, maximum 86km) were larger during the breeding season. All cinereous vultures avoided agricultural lands within their home ranges throughout the year. Habitat use in relation to the distance to the colony pointed out that dehesas were positively selected in spite of being on average far away from the colony than other habitats, a result that was consistent among individuals and seasons. The cinereous vulture thus depends for its conservation not only on the protection of breeding areas, as has been so far considered, but also on the maintenance of well-conserved dehesas close to the colonies. Preserving the cinereous vultures could contribute to the economic sustainability of dehesas by attracting PAC funds for their traditional low-intensity exploitation. Although other species may also benefit from this study since cinereous vulture could be a ''flagship'' for the large-scale conservation of Mediterranean oak woodlands and associated biodiversity, more fine local management guidelines should be performed on the basis of studies on more sensitive species.
            Declining foraging efficiency and moa carcass exploitation in southern New Zealand [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
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              Declining foraging efficiency and moa carcass exploitation in southern New Zealand [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
              L. Nagaoka
              Manufacturer: Elsevier
              ProductGroup: Book
              Binding: Digital

              ElsevierElsevier | By Publisher | e-Docs | Formats | Books
              ASIN: B000RR7S9W

              Book Description

              This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Archaeological Science, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

              Description:
              The application of foraging theory to understanding carcass exploitation is a relatively recent development. The methodology developed by archaeological and ethnoarchaeological research on butchery/transport studies has been integrated into a behavioral ecological framework to create models that can be used to understand archaeological carcass exploitation. In this paper, I use such a model to examine how New Zealand foragers altered their use of moa carcasses as the availability of these large birds declined. Moa data from the Shag River Mouth site in southern New Zealand are analyzed to test changes in butchery/transport and skeletal element breakage patterns expected with resource depression and declining foraging efficiency. This research shows that at Shag Mouth, field processing of moas increased and marrow, and possibly grease extraction intensified over time.
              Hunting intensification and the Hohokam ''collapse'' [An article from: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology]
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                Hunting intensification and the Hohokam ''collapse'' [An article from: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology]
                R.M. Dean
                Manufacturer: Elsevier
                ProductGroup: Book
                Binding: Digital
                ASIN: B000PDU32C

                Book Description

                This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                Description:
                The role of long-term demographic stress in the ''collapse'' of the Hohokam culture of southern Arizona is an open question. If chronic imbalances between population levels and food production, as opposed to catastrophic events, were key factors in the population decline of the 15th century, then the archaeological record should produce evidence for resource stress prior to the near-abandonment of the region. It is difficult to document resource depression in archaeofaunas from southern Arizona, however, because they are dominated by small game throughout the agricultural sequence. Furthermore, in an ecologically and economically diverse region, it is difficult to apply data from an individual site to a region-wide phenomenon like the Hohokam demographic decline. This study uses data from 85 faunal assemblages to explore hunting strategies from the earliest agricultural villages to the cessation of archaeologically visible occupation of the region. One means of hunting intensification employed by the Hohokam was to diversify beyond a focus on staple rabbit species, through the use of fish, birds, artiodactyls, and smaller terrestrial game. Diversification is measured in this study through evenness indices. These indices suggest that demographic stress was increasing in the dense population centers of the Salt and Gila River basins prior to the ''collapse.''
                Prehistoric seal carcass exploitation at the Shag Mouth site, New [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
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                  Prehistoric seal carcass exploitation at the Shag Mouth site, New [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
                  L. Nagaoka
                  Manufacturer: Elsevier
                  ProductGroup: Book
                  Binding: Digital
                  ASIN: B000P6O5EQ

                  Book Description

                  This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Archaeological Science, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                  Description:
                  Seal populations in New Zealand declined dramatically during the prehistoric period. The loss of this important resource significantly affected the foraging practices at the Shag River Mouth site. Previous research documented substantial changes to the diet with the decline of seals and the corresponding decline in foraging efficiency. In this study, I examine how New Zealand foragers altered their use of seal carcasses as the availability of these marine mammals declined. Otariid seal data from the Shag River Mouth site in southern New Zealand are analyzed to test changes in butchery/transport and skeletal element breakage patterns expected with resource depression and declining foraging efficiency. This research shows that at Shag Mouth, seal carcasses were used more intensively over time. However, bone breakage patterns showed little change in the exploitation of within-bone nutrients.
                  The prey as patch model: optimal handling of resources with diminishing returns [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
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                    The prey as patch model: optimal handling of resources with diminishing returns [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
                    O. Burger , M.J. Hamilton , and R. Walker
                    Manufacturer: Elsevier
                    ProductGroup: Book
                    Binding: Digital
                    ASIN: B000RR7S1U

                    Book Description

                    This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Archaeological Science, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

                    Description:
                    Foraging theory provides archaeology with a valuable set of tools for investigating the constraints that influenced procurement decisions of the past. The prey-choice model has been used extensively by archaeologists, but has significant limitations given the nature of archaeological data. This paper suggests that the seldom-used Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) is a valuable tool for examining the ecological constraints on foraging decisions and merits further archaeological application. Ethnoarchaeological and experimental cases are presented demonstrating how patch-gains curves can be generated from quantitative data on butchering return rates and handling times. Results indicate that such curves are diminishing return functions. This provides a basis for examining the linkage between processing intensity and resource fluctuation. This model allows archaeologists to address the relationship between attribute-states of faunal remains and predicted optimal post-acquisition decisions. The MVT is valuable to ethnoarchaeology because it identifies how mean foraging return rate influences the handling of acquired prey and makes quantified predictions of return rate based on processing intensity. The MVT can also be applied to archaeological studies of foraging behavior and processing intensity as it can be used to estimate the set of environmental constraints in which a given kill was made (e.g., ''good'' vs. ''bad'' times). This approach may also identify the degree to which certain currencies, such as fat, are optimized at the expense of others, such as total caloric intake.

                    Deterministic Chaos in Infinite Quantum Systems (Lecture Notes in Mathematics)
                    Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
                    • Excellent job
                    Deterministic Chaos in Infinite Quantum Systems (Lecture Notes in Mathematics)
                    Fabio Benatti
                    Manufacturer: Springer
                    ProductGroup: Book
                    Binding: Hardcover

                    GeneralGeneral | Physics | Science | Subjects | Books
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                    ASIN: 3540570179

                    Customer Reviews:

                    5 out of 5 stars Excellent job.......2002-08-11

                    The theory of C*- and W*-algebras is an extensive one, and some of its results are applied here to study the properties of infinite quantum systems, with particular attention paid to the ergodicity of such systems. The author attempts to take notions from the ordinary measure-theoretic, "classical" theory of ergodicity and apply them to the case of quantum systems. The occurrence of chaos in classical systems is of course well-defined from a mathematical standpoint, and a natural question to ask is whether chaos can occur in quantum systems. At first thought, one might be tempted to assert that it cannot, due to the linearity and unitary of the time evolution in quantum physics. In addition, the non-commutativity of the observables in quantum systems makes a straightforward generalization of the commutative classical situation nontrivial.

                    There are a few ways of viewing chaos in the classical context, one being the notion of "differentiable" dynamics, and one being "topological" dynamics. The former is more related to the accepted physical notion of chaos, while the latter is more atune to the interest of the mathematician. Another one is measure-theoretic, and fits the needs of both the physicist and the mathematician, the former in the realm of statistical mechanics, and the latter in the study of measure-preserving transformations. All of these viewpoints do have an intersection however, and all are necessary to form a more complete viewpoint of what it means for a time evolution of a system to be chaotic or random in some way. The field of quantum chaos is still an active one, and there is as of this date no definition of it that is acceptable to everyone, both physicists and mathematicians.

                    This book is a helpful guide to the research in this area, and is fairly up-to-date, in spite of being almost ten years old. The first couple of chapters concentrate on casting classical ergodic theory in the C*- and W*-algebra frameworks. The treatment though is physically motivated, and the author is careful in his definitions and mathematical proofs. He also gives the reader insight as to why infinite systems are needed in the study of chaos, such as the case of a harmonic oscillator in a heat bath. Quasi-periodicity, characteristic of finite systems without a continuous spectrum, would destroy the exponential decay of the correlation functions if the heat bath were not infinite. The author also points out the difference between Bernoulli and K-systems, showing that the Kolomogorov-Sinai entropy is not a complete invariant for K-systems but it is for Bernoulli systems. Topological entropy, not so useful for the physicist but of great use for the mathematician, is discussed in detail. Classical dynamical systems are thought of as abelian C*-algebras with the time evolution modeled by the Z-action of a *automorphism of the algebra. To study the ergodic properties in this context requires the use a normalized state that is invariant under the *automorphism. The author also gives an interesting motivation for the need for W*-algebras. He starts with the Baker map, views it as a 2-dimensional Ising model, its index functions arising from a chessboard lattice. Taking finer and finer chessboard lattices gives an abelian C*-algebra, but using the norm topology results in the C*-algebra being too small. Representing this C*-algebra as a multiplication operators on the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions results in an algebra that is strongly and weakly closed on this Hilbert space, i.e. a W*-algebra.

                    The remainder of the book deals with the problem of ergodicity and chaos in infinite quantum systems and the corresponding mathematical problems that arise in this context. Some of the more important of these include the generalization to infinite dimensions of the fact that in finite dimensions the algebra of observables always has a representation equivalent to the Fock representation. This generalizes to the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction in infinite dimensions, which is unique modulo a unitary map. Another notion that breaks down in infinite dimensions is the Gibbs state, which must be replaced by that of a KMS state. In addition, states on (finite-dimensional) matrix algebras, which satisfy the modular relations at inverse temperature ( = 1), have their generalization to the (infinite-dimensional) W*-algebra case via the Tomita-Takesaki theorem. The author studies some toy models and bosonic and fermionic systems, one interesting one being the non-commutative 2-torus, which gives an algebraic formulation of the quantum Hall effect. For fermionic systems, one sees clearly the effects of noncommutativity in preventing strong topological mixing: they induce correlations that cannot be suppressed in the time evolution of the system.

                    In addition, the author investigates whether Kolmogorov entropy is meaningful in the noncommutative context. The role of quantum K-systems is particularly interesting here, as they are defined so as to not have quasi-periodicity in their dynamics. The noncommutative Arnold cat map is given as an example of a quantum K-system. The Connes-Narnhofer-Thirring entropy is offered as a generalization of Kolmogorov entropy. The author discusses the problem as a consequence of the difficulty in generalizing the ordinary classical probabilistic notions to this case, since states can be changed when the observable is measured. And as everyone who has to work with the time evolution of operators in say, the Heisenberg picture, noncommutativity can generate more operators. This aggravates the situation considerably in the attempt to carry over classical ergodic theory to the noncommutative case. The existence of quantum correlations causes even more headaches. The solution due to CNT is to start with finite collections of finite dimensional algebras, and construct an entropy functional on them that respects as many of the properties of the classical entropy as possible. This functional is defined in terms of "Abelian models" of these algebras, these being finite dimensional Abelian algebras along with a state and a positive map that when composed with the state gives the state of the original algebra. The resulting CNT-entropy is applied to the case of quasi-free automorphisms and the author then ends the book with a proposal for a noncommutative topological entropy.

                    A Girl Named Lily
                    Average customer rating: 3 out of 5 stars
                    • Clever but needs refining
                    A Girl Named Lily
                    Cas Sigers
                    Manufacturer: Sadorian Publications
                    ProductGroup: Book
                    Binding: Paperback

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                    ASIN: 0974171409

                    Customer Reviews:

                    3 out of 5 stars Clever but needs refining.......2004-10-23

                    Unsure about which way her life is destined, Lily lives with expectations of what she thinks it should be. While dating her beau of two years, Romance, Lily is faced with the decision of trying to overcome her insecurities and quirks within her relationship. What transpires, however, is something entirely different than what she expected.

                    Romance, in love with Lily, only wants the best but doesn't know how to show it. Instead of tackling the problems head-on, he constantly puts himself first and not the relationship. When things become heated, he proposes instead of trying to resolve their differences. Lily, never taking the opportunity to confront Romance with her true feelings, finally lets him know how she feels, which results in a major argument. Licking her wounds, she runs into Will Dickson, or Dick, as his friends call him, and their relationship becomes more than what she bargained for.

                    Dick and Lily are soulfully connected from the very beginning, and Lily begins spending time with him, not anticipating the proposal from Romance. When Lily does decide to accept Romance's proposal, she writes them both a letter; one a poem to Romance professing her love, and the other to Dick, breaking things off. The letters get switched and everything goes awry.

                    Realizing her relationship with Romance is definitely over, Lily pursues something more with Dick. Not wanting to settle for what Dick is offering, Lily moves to Kansas City where she meets the man of most women's dreams: Wealth Fulmore. Not really feeling Wealth, Lily still continues to date him, at the same time harboring feelings for his twin brother, Winston.

                    What ensues is the realization of coming full circle. As Lily realizes that she truly does love Dick, she has to deal with him being in the arms of another woman. Although every woman would love to have Dick, Romance and Wealth at their disposal, the real question one must ask is: at what cost? Through poetry and life changing events, Lily finally discovers who she really is.

                    While the concept of the novel was creative, there were too many grammatical, typographical and stylistic errors. This remained constant throughout the reading, distracting from the overall intent of the story. The storyline was also a little far-fetched, but the poetry was excellent and thought-provoking. A good try for CaS Siegers, but the work definitely needs to be edited.

                    Reviewed by T. Belinda Williams for Loose Leaves Book Review

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