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Standard Pressure Volume Temperature Data for Polymers
David Walsh , and Paul Zoller Manufacturer: CRC ProductGroup: Book Binding: Loose Leaf ASIN: 1566763282 |
Book Description
From the Introduction PVT data consists of records of the specific volume of a material (or its inverse, the density) as a function of pressure and temperature. There are many reasons why the specific volume of a material will undergo changes: changes in the temperature and pressure (thermal expansion and compression), phase changes (solid-solid phase transitions, melting, crystallization, glass transitions, mesophase transitions), degradation reactions, and many more. Conversely, PVT measurements can be used to study these phenomena and also to yield derivative data of direct importance to engineering applications of materials (compressibility, bulk modulus, thermal expansivity, etc.). PVT methods are part of a wide array of thermoanalytical techniques available to scientists and engineers, but PVT is the only commonly practiced technique that includes pressure as a variable. Polymers are sensitive to pressure: the volume itself, the pressure dependence of transition temperatures, and the kinetics of phase transitions are all significant, not only from a scientific point of view, but also for practical applications in polymer engineering, such as processing. Now published. This unique polymer reference book will be useful to all those involved in polymer research and advanced engineering. The more than 350 tables and graphs provide a wealth of important data in easy-to-use form. The introductory chapter provides details on methodology, equipment use, and information on the many ways in which PVT data can be used in research and engineering.
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Information Foraging Theory: Adaptive Interaction with Information (Oxford Series in Human-Technology Interaction)
Peter L. T. Pirolli Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 0195173325 |
Book Description
Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.
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Social Foraging Theory
Luc-Alain Giraldeau , and Thomas Caraco Manufacturer: Princeton University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items: ASIN: 0691048770 |
Book Description
Although there is extensive literature in the field of behavioral ecology that attempts to explain foraging of individuals, social foraging--the ways in which animals search and compete for food in groups--has been relatively neglected. This book redresses that situation by providing both a synthesis of the existing literature and a new theory of social foraging. Giraldeau and Caraco develop models informed by game theory that offer a new framework for analysis. Social Foraging Theory contains the most comprehensive theoretical approach to its subject, coupled with quantitative methods that will underpin future work in the field. The new models and approaches that are outlined here will encourage new research directions and applications.
To date, the analysis of social foraging has lacked unifying themes, clear recognition of the problems inherent in the study of social foraging, and consistent interaction between theory and experiments. This book identifies social foraging as an economic interaction between the actions of individuals and those of other foragers. This interdependence raises complex questions about the size of foraging groups, the diversity of resources used, and the propensity of group members to exploit each other or forage cooperatively. The models developed in the book will allow researchers to test their own approaches and predictions. Many years in development, Social Foraging Theory will interest researchers and graduate students in such areas as behavioral ecology, population ecology, evolutionary biology, and wildlife management.
Customer Reviews:
Social Foraging Theory.......2002-02-24
Putting social back into foraging.......2001-03-01
The art of being complicated.......2001-02-14
a synthesis of foraging behavior.......2000-10-12
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Foraging Theory
David W. Stephens , and John R. Krebs Manufacturer: Princeton University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 0691084424 |
Customer Reviews:
a much cited classic.......2007-08-09
the classic.......2004-01-08
It is true that the book is a bit heavy on the math but as this book is about ecological theory it should not surprise readers. Despite the theoretical approach, is certainly possible to learn a great deal from the book without a math background. There are definitely more current books on the topic as well as a large body of scientific literature on the subject but this book still remains one of the more used books on my shelf.
Extremely Weak on Content.......2001-11-03
A love-hate relationship.......2000-06-19
The book is very well organized; chapters introduce new concepts incrementally, and the overall flow is very good. The authors start with the classical patch and prey models, adding complexity in later chapters. Separate chapters address trade-offs and simultaneous optimization, dynamic optimization, and rules-of-thumb. The concluding chapters consider model testing and the success of the optimization paradigm.
The writing is somewhat stiff, but still pretty good for a technical work. The bit about how great tits rarely feed on conveyor belts in nature is an exemplar of scientific understatement.
If mathematics are not your strong point, or your background is weak, you will have a hard time with many of the proofs. I skipped over most of these sections expecting to get the gist of the material, only to regret my decision during my comprehensive exams!
While Stephens and Krebs provide a thorough overview of the material, "Foraging Theory" suffers from one serious flaw. The presentation focuses on model development, rather than analysis and interpretation. In order to truly understand these models, the student absolutely must work through "real" examples under the tutelage of an experienced mentor.
The binding has held up very well. The book looks nearly new, despite having been stomped on several times and thrown out a third-story window at least once.
Even after all of these years, "Foraging Theory" still represents the state-of-the-art in optimization-based approaches to behavioral analysis.
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Eat or be Eaten: Predator Sensitive Foraging Among Primates
Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0521804515 |
Book Description
This volume brings together primary data from a variety of primate species living in both natural habitats and experimental settings, and explores the variables that may play a role in primates' behavioral strategies. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that predator sensitive foraging is relevant to many primates, of various body sizes and group sizes and living in different environments. Eat or be Eaten encourages further discussion and investigation of the subject and will make fascinating reading for researchers and students in primatology, ecology, and animal behavior.Download Description
Predator sensitive foraging represents the strategies that animals employ to balance the need to eat against the need to avoid being eaten. Ecologists working with a wide range of taxa have developed sophisticated theoretical models of these strategies, and have produced elegant data to test them. However, only recently have primatologists begun to turn their attention to this area of research. This volume brings together primary data from a variety of primate species living in both natural habitats and experimental settings, and explores the variables that may play a role in primates' behavioural strategies. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that predator sensitive foraging is relevant to many primates, of various body sizes and group sizes and living in different environments. Eat or be Eaten encourages further discussion and investigation of the subject. It will make fascinating reading for researchers and students in primatology, ecology and animal behaviour.
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Foraging: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior, Volume Vi (Quantitative Analyses of Behavior)
Manufacturer: Lawrence Erlbaum ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0898595509 |
Book Description
The sixth volume in this respected series systematically presents and evaluates quantitative models of various foraging phenomena, including: steady state decision rules; acquisition of decision rules; perception and learning in foraging behavior. br
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Application of central-place foraging theory shows the importance of Mediterranean dehesas for the conservation of the cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus [An article from: Biological Conservation]
M. Carrete , and J.A. Donazar Manufacturer: Elsevier ProductGroup: Book Binding: Digital ASIN: B000RR74FU |
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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Declining foraging efficiency and moa carcass exploitation in southern New Zealand [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
L. Nagaoka Manufacturer: Elsevier ProductGroup: Book Binding: Digital ASIN: B000RR7S9W |
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Archaeological Science, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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Hunting intensification and the Hohokam ''collapse'' [An article from: Journal of Anthropological Archaeology]
R.M. Dean Manufacturer: Elsevier ProductGroup: Book Binding: Digital ASIN: B000PDU32C |
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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Prehistoric seal carcass exploitation at the Shag Mouth site, New [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
L. Nagaoka Manufacturer: Elsevier ProductGroup: Book Binding: Digital ASIN: B000P6O5EQ |
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Archaeological Science, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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The prey as patch model: optimal handling of resources with diminishing returns [An article from: Journal of Archaeological Science]
O. Burger , M.J. Hamilton , and R. Walker Manufacturer: Elsevier ProductGroup: Book Binding: Digital ASIN: B000RR7S1U |
Book Description
This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Archaeological Science, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
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Deterministic Chaos in Infinite Quantum Systems (Lecture Notes in Mathematics)
Fabio Benatti Manufacturer: Springer ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 3540570179 |
Customer Reviews:
Excellent job.......2002-08-11
There are a few ways of viewing chaos in the classical context, one being the notion of "differentiable" dynamics, and one being "topological" dynamics. The former is more related to the accepted physical notion of chaos, while the latter is more atune to the interest of the mathematician. Another one is measure-theoretic, and fits the needs of both the physicist and the mathematician, the former in the realm of statistical mechanics, and the latter in the study of measure-preserving transformations. All of these viewpoints do have an intersection however, and all are necessary to form a more complete viewpoint of what it means for a time evolution of a system to be chaotic or random in some way. The field of quantum chaos is still an active one, and there is as of this date no definition of it that is acceptable to everyone, both physicists and mathematicians.
This book is a helpful guide to the research in this area, and is fairly up-to-date, in spite of being almost ten years old. The first couple of chapters concentrate on casting classical ergodic theory in the C*- and W*-algebra frameworks. The treatment though is physically motivated, and the author is careful in his definitions and mathematical proofs. He also gives the reader insight as to why infinite systems are needed in the study of chaos, such as the case of a harmonic oscillator in a heat bath. Quasi-periodicity, characteristic of finite systems without a continuous spectrum, would destroy the exponential decay of the correlation functions if the heat bath were not infinite. The author also points out the difference between Bernoulli and K-systems, showing that the Kolomogorov-Sinai entropy is not a complete invariant for K-systems but it is for Bernoulli systems. Topological entropy, not so useful for the physicist but of great use for the mathematician, is discussed in detail. Classical dynamical systems are thought of as abelian C*-algebras with the time evolution modeled by the Z-action of a *automorphism of the algebra. To study the ergodic properties in this context requires the use a normalized state that is invariant under the *automorphism. The author also gives an interesting motivation for the need for W*-algebras. He starts with the Baker map, views it as a 2-dimensional Ising model, its index functions arising from a chessboard lattice. Taking finer and finer chessboard lattices gives an abelian C*-algebra, but using the norm topology results in the C*-algebra being too small. Representing this C*-algebra as a multiplication operators on the Hilbert space of square-integrable functions results in an algebra that is strongly and weakly closed on this Hilbert space, i.e. a W*-algebra.
The remainder of the book deals with the problem of ergodicity and chaos in infinite quantum systems and the corresponding mathematical problems that arise in this context. Some of the more important of these include the generalization to infinite dimensions of the fact that in finite dimensions the algebra of observables always has a representation equivalent to the Fock representation. This generalizes to the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction in infinite dimensions, which is unique modulo a unitary map. Another notion that breaks down in infinite dimensions is the Gibbs state, which must be replaced by that of a KMS state. In addition, states on (finite-dimensional) matrix algebras, which satisfy the modular relations at inverse temperature ( = 1), have their generalization to the (infinite-dimensional) W*-algebra case via the Tomita-Takesaki theorem. The author studies some toy models and bosonic and fermionic systems, one interesting one being the non-commutative 2-torus, which gives an algebraic formulation of the quantum Hall effect. For fermionic systems, one sees clearly the effects of noncommutativity in preventing strong topological mixing: they induce correlations that cannot be suppressed in the time evolution of the system.
In addition, the author investigates whether Kolmogorov entropy is meaningful in the noncommutative context. The role of quantum K-systems is particularly interesting here, as they are defined so as to not have quasi-periodicity in their dynamics. The noncommutative Arnold cat map is given as an example of a quantum K-system. The Connes-Narnhofer-Thirring entropy is offered as a generalization of Kolmogorov entropy. The author discusses the problem as a consequence of the difficulty in generalizing the ordinary classical probabilistic notions to this case, since states can be changed when the observable is measured. And as everyone who has to work with the time evolution of operators in say, the Heisenberg picture, noncommutativity can generate more operators. This aggravates the situation considerably in the attempt to carry over classical ergodic theory to the noncommutative case. The existence of quantum correlations causes even more headaches. The solution due to CNT is to start with finite collections of finite dimensional algebras, and construct an entropy functional on them that respects as many of the properties of the classical entropy as possible. This functional is defined in terms of "Abelian models" of these algebras, these being finite dimensional Abelian algebras along with a state and a positive map that when composed with the state gives the state of the original algebra. The resulting CNT-entropy is applied to the case of quasi-free automorphisms and the author then ends the book with a proposal for a noncommutative topological entropy.
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A Girl Named Lily
Cas Sigers Manufacturer: Sadorian Publications ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Accessories: ASIN: 0974171409 |
Customer Reviews:
Clever but needs refining.......2004-10-23
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