Dynamical Theory of X-Ray Diffraction (International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography, 11)

Book Description

The dynamical theory of diffraction has witnessed exciting developments since the advent of synchrotron radiation. This book provides an up-to-date account of the theory of diffraction and its applications. The first part serves as an introduction to the subject, presenting early
developments and the basic results. It is followed by a detailed development of the diffraction and propagation properties of x-rays in perfect crystals and by an extension of the theory to the case of slightly and highly deformed crystals. The last part gives three applications of the theory:
X-ray optics for synchrotron radiation, locations of atoms at surfaces, and X-ray diffraction topography. The book is richly illustrated and contains a wide range of references to the literature. It will be a most useful reference work for graduate students, lecturers and researchers.

Customer Reviews:

comprehensive.......2004-08-05

X-ray diffraction has been intimately tied with practical applications in the study of the structure of materials. All the way to the determination of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, and of course, beyond that, to the present day.

The book gives a thorough exposition of the theory of X-ray scattering. From the simple and early dynamical theory of Ewald to how electromagnetic radiation propagates and scatters in a crystal. Then there are discussions of dynamical theory of planar-wave Bragg scattering, And further talk on more advanced theories. Like how a spherical wave might scatter.

Then many examples of applications are gone into, like building out X-ray optics, to be on an equivalent functional par with conventional visible spectrum optics. Much of the X-ray optical capability, like building monochromator crystals, X-ray wave guides, multilayers and Fresnel zone plates, is of relatively recent vintage; like the last 20 years.

$P.P. Ewald and his Dynamical Theory of X-ray Diffraction (International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography, 2)$
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P.P. Ewald and his Dynamical Theory of X-ray Diffraction (International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography, 2)

Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
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Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

Paul Ewald's 1916-1917 masterpiece `On the Foundations of Crystal Optics' describes the selfconsistent interaction of electromagnetic waves with crystals on a molecular level. While astonishing in its detailed predictions for X-ray diffraction, full appreciation of the theory and its utility had to await much later advances in measurement techniques and crystal growth. Concepts introduced in the theory, now known as the Ewald sphere, Ewald summation, and Ewald-Oseen extinction, have become mainstays in diverse areas of modern physics. This memorial volume, with contributions by leading figures in the field, is an affectionate survey of his life, scientific work, and role in the international crystallographic community.

$X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction: Theory and Applications (NATO Science Series: B:)$
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X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction: Theory and Applications (NATO Science Series: B:)

Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0306455013

$Dynamical Theory Of X-Ray Diffraction (international Union Of Crystallography Monographs On Crystallography, 11)$
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Dynamical Theory Of X-Ray Diffraction (international Union Of Crystallography Monographs On Crystallography, 11)
Andre Authier
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OL1EAA

$X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications - Proceedings of a NATO ASI Held in Erice, Italy, April 9-21, 1996$
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X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications - Proceedings of a NATO ASI Held in Erice, Italy, April 9-21, 1996
Andre;Lagomarsino, Stefano;Tanner, Brian K., Authier
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OSVC8M

Book Description

Introductory guide to the analysis of plant phytoliths in archaeology. Visit our website for sample chapters!

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The most thorough phytolith book.......2007-01-04

This book updates the 1988 volume and introduces new research. The book presents both background research and methodology, which will be useful for the beginner and the experienced researcher. The citation index provides leads to investigate any research angles not reviewed in the volume. Finally, this volume is much more affordable than the 1988 volume.

Phytoliths & Starch: A key to the future of archaeology.......2006-07-04

The body of this book is divided into eight chap¬ters, each covering a new and important topic. For those not familiar with the development or anatomy of plants, chapter 1 will be quite helpful because it thoroughly discusses how phytoliths are formed, where they occur in plants, their chemi¬cal characteristics, how they are dispersed, what factors en¬sure preservation, and which major plant families have phytoliths and which do not. Chapter 2 covers the many differ¬ent morphological types of phytoliths including the character¬istics of ones found in monocots and how those differ from ones found in dicots or gymnosperms. Chapter 3 is one of the more important ones because it provides detailed information about many phytolith types that are found in cultigens, then discusses how those types differ from the phytoliths produced by related taxa, which are wild forms rather than cultigens. This chapter is important because during the past several decades the discovery of key phytolith taxa in ancient archaeo¬logical soils in South and Central America has provided archae¬ologists with the best-confirmed evidence for the beginning of plant domestication in the New World. Before these re¬cent phytolith discoveries, most believed that early pollen and corncob records from archaeological deposits in Central Mexico held the key to finding the origin of farming in the New World. Likewise, the search for the origins of when Poly¬nesians first occupied many of the islands in the Pacific is becoming much better documented as a result of the discover¬ies of cultigen phytoliths and starch grains in early archaeo¬logical sites. Archaeologists have long realized that the Poly¬nesians carried cultigens with them as they explored the Pacific Islands. Unfortunately, earlier searches for fossil pollen or other types of plant evidence from those early island-grown cultigens revealed no usable data owing to the high levels of microbial activity and organic oxidation in the soils. Chapters 4 and 5 are important because they explore tech¬niques for sampling and recovering phytolith records from field locations such as archaeological soils, geologic deposits, lakes, swamps, and bogs, and then discuss how to extract essential phytolith data in the lab. Chapter 4 covers field sam¬pling and the importance of collecting modern control samples from surface soils. It also stresses the importance of under¬standing the complexity of the local vegetation cover and the types of phytoliths they produce. The second of these two chapters covers various methods used in extracting phytoliths from a variety of matrixes, including the calculus on teeth. Chapter 5 also examines techniques for recovering starch granules from fresh sources as well as from a variety of sedi¬ment types. The chapter also suggests ways to collect suffi¬cient numbers of phytoliths (containing trapped carbon particles) needed for precise AMS radiocarbon dates and for use in isotope studies. The chapter ends with tips on staining phytoliths, the best types of mounting media to use, micro¬scope photography, and the proper ways to ensure the long-term preservation of samples. Chapter 6 is another critical chapter because it first focuses on the importance of making proper identifications, and then dis¬cusses how to interpret phytolith data. In the past, some phytolith studies have presented their data in terms of ubiq¬uity. Others have tried different ways to quantify the numbers and types of phytoliths found in samples. Some have tried to find ways to determine phytolith concentration values, similar to the techniques used in pollen analyses. Still others have focused on trace element and isotope variations in phytoliths. Chapter 6 of Piperno's book concludes by examining some of the best ways to report phytolith results statistically in ways that best reflect past vegetational and environmental condi¬tions.
Grasses are prolific producers of phytoliths. Consequently, mainly botanists, soil scientists, agriculturalists, and ecologists used early phytolith studies of prairie soils and Holocene deposits to determine the types and expanses of early grasslands. Slowly other types of phytolith morphological studies emerged to complement those already known for many types of grasses. Chapter 7 is devoted to the importance of phytolith research in the field of archaeology and chronicles a history of its use. As early as 1900, European researchers applied their knowledge of phytoliths to the search for the beginnings of wheat, barley, and millet agriculture and to trace the spread of early farming at archaeological sites in Northern Europe and Turkey. Later, these same techniques were applied to the excavations of early farming settlements discovered in the Middle East. More im¬portantly, detailed studies of ancient and modern maize (Zea mays) phytoliths show that the two groups are distinctive and can be used as key indicators to trace the early domestication and spread of maize farming throughout the New World. Chapter 7 also focuses on the many other cultural clues that can be revealed from phytolith evidence at archaeological sites. Re¬cent discoveries of phytolith scratches on human teeth and on flint artifacts provide clues to the types of plants being har¬vested and the diets eaten. Some ancient stone, bone, and metal cutting tools contain the dried remains of plant materials still stuck to their cutting surfaces. Careful studies of those remains have revealed trapped phytoliths from the plant mate¬rials being cut. Phytoliths recovered from archaeological sites have also played a key role in identifying the source materials used for making adobe bricks, the types of plant material used to temper pottery, the plant sources used for caulking the seams of ancient ships, and the types of fibers used for making prehistoric twine and ropes. Phytoliths found in ancient human coprolites have revealed important information about food sources in early human diets.
The final chapter examines the importance of phytolith research as a tool in the search for paleoenvironmental infor¬mation. Although fossil pollen has played a significant histori¬cal role in reconstructing ancient environments and vegeta¬tional patterns, pollen is destroyed in some types of sediments by oxidation or microbial activity. Fortunately, phytoliths are often preserved in sediments that are hostile to fossil pollen preservation. Thus, in those regions the preserved phytolith chronology has often provided our only glimpse of the paleoenvironmental conditions and vegetational changes. Better still, in some regions the same sediment cores are now being used to search for both fossil pollen and phytoliths. Those types of studies are now providing more detailed infor¬mation about past vegetations. For example, all grass pollen looks the same; grass phytoliths, on the other hand, can be assigned to a number of key groups, each ecologically sensi¬tive. Chapter 8 concludes with a look to the future and specu¬lates about the potential uses of phytolith research in the decades to come. One potential area is revealed by the discov¬ery that phytoliths occur throughout the Tertiary in many types of sediments; in the past, however, geologists have been slow to seize upon the potential of using phytoliths in their analyses. The use of pollen and phytoliths as forensic tools is relatively new, but has great potential for the future. The recent discovery that aluminum ions in phytoliths can be used to distinguish between forested and herbaceous vegetations has great potential for future use as does the study of oxygen and hydrogen isotope signatures in phytoliths. Finally, many phytoliths trap tiny particles of carbon inside of them as they form. Perhaps DNA studies of these trapped carbon particles will help us unravel clues about plant evolution and about the paleoenvironments of the past.
So why should you want to own a copy of this book? The bottom line is that this amazing book is well worth the cost.

The Definitive Book on the Subject.......2006-03-17

Dr. Piperno is a research scientist in the area of prehistoric human adaptations in the lowland tropical regions of the world. Her theoretical orientation is heavily wedded to evolutionary and ecological approaches to reconstruction of human behavior, particularly behavioral ecology. She uses plant microfossils, including starch grains, phytoliths, and pollen to investigate research problems.

In 1988 her book phytoliths was the first to provide evidence that phytoliths were reliable fossil indicators of past plant life and climate in a wide variety of ancient contexts. Perhaps as a result of her book, more attention has been paid to phytoliths in the subsequent years and numerous publications have appeared.

This book, not exactly a second edition, covers the state of the art in phytoliths as it is known today. It's orientation is to serve as a guide for archaeologists and paleoecologists. As such it includes not only laboratory techniques to identify and extract information from samples but field techniques to obtain the proper samples, and the role of phytoliths in research.

This is the definitive book on the subject.

Book Description

The Granada Seminar is defined as a small topical conference whose pedagogical effort is especially aimed at young researchers. In fact, one interesting aspect of this meeting is the opportunity given to the young scientists to present their results and to discuss their problems with leading specialists. This year's seminar mainly covered the modeling of complex systems (with some emphasis on its computational aspects). This timely topic importantly relies on the creative use of computers and it is of interest in an increasing number of fields, from chemistry, biology and geology to engineering, communications and economics. Each topic is comprehensively described. The ‘Granada Lectures’ help introduce the beginner to novel advances in statistical physics and to the creative use of computers in scientific research. They serve as a work of reference for teachers, students and researchers.

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Mechanics of Granular Media
A.F. Revuzhenko
Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3540338713

Book Description

This monograph provides a broad coverage of phenomena of deformation and machining of granular media. Granular matter consists of macroscopic particles of various sizes, shapes, and surface properties leading to a typical behavior which is, on one hand, similar to fluids since they take the form of their repository and, on the other hand, similar to solids under deformation. This book analyses this typical behavior of granular media for soils, rocks and stones, metals and various synthetic materials. It presents a theoretical description, applications and the understanding of the basic phenomena characteristic of granular matter. Various mixing and intriguing pattern-formation processes in granular materials are presented by means of illustrative and original experiments and a concise theoretical development.

Emergent Properties in Natural and Artificial Dynamical Systems (Understanding Complex Systems)

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Emergent Properties in Natural and Artificial Dynamical Systems (Understanding Complex Systems)

Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 3540348220

Cellular Automata and Complex Systems (Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems)

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Cellular Automata and Complex Systems (Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems)

Manufacturer: Springer
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Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0792355121

Book Description

This book contains the courses given at the Fifth School on Complex Systems held at Santiago, Chile, from 9th to 13th December, 1996, by researchers working on areas related to recent trends in Complex Systems, including dynamical systems, cellular automata, symbolic dynamics, spatial systems, statistical physics and thermo-dynamics. Scientists working in these subjects come from several areas: pure and applied mathematics, physics, biology, computer science and electrical engineering. Each contribution is devoted to one of the above subjects. In most cases they are structured as surveys, presenting an original point of view about the topic as well as showing mostly new results.

Cellular Neural Networks: Chaos, Complexity and VLSI Processing (Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics)

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A very good work!
this is excellent! Even for novices!

Cellular Neural Networks: Chaos, Complexity and VLSI Processing (Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics)
Gabriele Manganaro , P. Arena , and L. Fortuna
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

The book is about new applications of cellular neural networks (CNNs), new theoretical results and implementation issues. This topic involves several scientific disciplines including circuit theory, microelectronics, dynamic systems theory and applied mathematics, information processing, biology, neurophysiology, and robotics, to cite but a few. Significant attention is paid to small-size CNNs for generating chaotic dynamics and also to their application in the area of nonlinear circuit synchronization and secure communication. Complex spatio-temporal phenomena in simple CNN models are investigated. A CMOS discrete-time switched-current implementation of a CNN is presented in detail. The reader will find thorough discussion on the subject, ranging from the highest-level aspects treated in a rigorous and analytic way, to the technological challenges and the circuit design aspects.

Customer Reviews:

A very good work!.......1999-03-26

Don't you know Cellular Neural Networks? Read this book, even if you are not a specialist. I like it a lot, it's very interesting. I had a course project on CNN for my master in electronic engineering but I never found a so clear book in describing principles, applications and circuit realizations about CNN. Don't be scared if you can find some high level theoretical contents, they are for specialist in that field only, but they are not necessary for novices to know of CNN. Excellent!

this is excellent! Even for novices!.......1999-03-25

I definitely enjoyed reading this book. I found it extremely clear and interesting. I am an electrical engineer but I am certainly not a specialist of this field. However, I catched up with the subject very quickly. And it is amazing to see how many applications these CNN have. As a matter of fact some of the discrete component circuits here described can even be realized by an electronics hobbyst like me. And I plan to do my own experiments. I admit I wasn't able to follow some parts with high level theoretical contents (some math definitely goes beyond my understanding). Nevertheless I found it very appealing. In summary I would encourage even the novices to check it out. I like it a lot.

Chaos and Complexity in Nonlinear Electronic Circuits

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Chaos and Complexity in Nonlinear Electronic Circuits
MacIej J. Ogorzalek
Manufacturer: World Scientific Publishing Company
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Binding: Hardcover

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Complex Dynamics in Communication Networks (Understanding Complex Systems)

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Complex Dynamics in Communication Networks (Understanding Complex Systems)

Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 3540243054

Book Description

Computer and communication networks are among society's most important infrastructures. The internet, in particular, is a giant global network of networks with central control or administration. It is a paradigm of a complex system, where complexity may arise from different sources: topological structure, network evolution, connection and node diversity, and /or dynamical evolution. This is the first book entirely devoted to the new and emerging field of nonlinear dynamics of TCP/IP networks. It addresses both scientists and engineers working in the general field of communication networks.

Complexity from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales: Coherence and Large Deviations (NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry)

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Complexity from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales: Coherence and Large Deviations (NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry)

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ASIN: 1402006349

Book Description

Many mesoscopic systems display `adaptive' behaviour - changes in some physical property that results from a small change in an internal or external driving force. There is a kind of progression in adaptive phenomena, from quantum mesoscopics to complex, evolved cooperative systems and large scale events like turbulence. The field of mesoscopic magnetism, especially quantum coherence and quantum tunnelling in spin systems, and the coupling between mesoscopic magnetism and mesoscopic transport is currently a very active area of solid state physics. `Dephasing' is an important concept in mesoscopic systems like these. A basic question is the limit at which quantum mechanics breaks down and what it can be replaced with. Another interesting crossover is that between complexity and large excursions or events, with turbulence as a prototype example. The book also contains a discussion of finance. Qualitatively speaking, turbulence and financial markets are apparently similar, so our understanding of turbulence may be relevant to understanding price fluctuations.

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Complexity in Physics and Technology
Manuel S. Garrido
Manufacturer: World Scientific Pub Co Inc
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Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 9810210167

Device Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics (Understanding Complex Systems)

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Device Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics (Understanding Complex Systems)

Manufacturer: Springer
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ASIN: 3540338772

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