Southeastern Asian Biodiversity in Crisis (Cambridge Tropical Biology Series) (Cambridge Tropical Biology Series)

Book Description

The biodiversity of Southeast Asia is gravely imperilled by massive habitat modifications, forest fires and the overexploitation of wildlife. This book contains the first comprehensive determination of the current state of the region's terrestrial biotas and highlights the primary drivers responsible for the grave threat to its unique and rich biodiversity. Although the looming biodiversity disaster demands tangible actions, it will continue to be constrained by such socioeconomic variables as rampant poverty and lack of infrastructure. Any realistic solution should involve a shared multi-pronged strategy--political, socioeconomic and scientific.

Book Description

Hot magma rising through the Earth's crust releases gases that expand and may come into contact with external water that vaporizes. The magma is then fragmented into an accelerating gas-particle/droplet mixture that is shot into the atmosphere, possibly in an overpressured state, where it may buoyantly rise up into the stratosphere as an ash plume, partially or totally collapse back to the surface, or rapidly expand sideways, or undergo a combination of these processes. Tephra is then deposited on the Earth's surface by pyroclastic fall, flow or surge, or some hybrid mechanism. The combination of processes that operate from the degassing of magma to the emplacement of tephra makes an explosive volcanic eruption, and the physical characterization of these processes is the scope of this book.

In this book we summarize the insights into key aspects of explosive volcanic eruptions gained from physical modelling to date.

The seven chapters are arranged in an order reflecting the sequence from processes acting within the volcanic
conduit through dynamics of eruption and transport through the atmosphere to mechanisms of emplacement on the Earth's surface.

Chapter 1 reviews the progress made in understanding how magma vesiculates and fragments, considering results obtained by experiment, theory, and analysis of the vesicle-texture of pumice. Magmatic fragmentation is discussed in terms of brittle failure as tensile strength is exceeded by internal and/or external stresses. The explosive fragmentation of hot magma upon contact to external water is experimentally shown in Chapter 2, emphasizing the need for water-entrapment configurations to cause explosive interaction during which extremely high stresses fracture melt in a brittle fashion. The motion through the conduit of vesiculating magma below the fragmentation level, and of the gas-particle/droplet mixture above fragmentation is investigated in Chapter 3. Pressure evolution along the conduit and exit velocity at the vent are shown to
vary with initial magma chamber pressure, magma composition, and composition of the mixed H 2O+CO 2 volatile phase. Chapter 4 then reviews the processes that control the dynamic evolution of eruption columns during rise into the stratosphere or collapse to form pyroclastic flows, considering supersonic dynamics, influence of the atmosphere, and time-dependent unsteadiness effects. Transport and fallout of pyroclasts from eruption columns with or without cross-wind are the topic of
Chapter 5, showing how deposit characteristics can be used to estimate eruption parameters such as discharge rate and column height. The generation, transport and emplacement of pyroclastic flows is discussed in Chapter 6, reviewing the presently much debated transport concepts ranging from grain flow through fluidized flow to suspension currents,
and elaborating the suspension-current model thought to be applicable to widespread ignimbrites. Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes observations from nuclear explosions and characteristics of pyroclastic surge deposits as a basis to then theoretically analyze the compressible two-phase flow of both dry and wet pyroclastic surges.

Customer Reviews:

The physics behind eruptive volcanic activity.......2000-10-28

If you are interested in the physics of eruptive volcanic activity and have no problems with undergrad level math, this book is for you even if you are not an expert in this field.

Geochemistry and magmatic evolution of explosive tephras ET3 and ET4 from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica.(Geoquímica): An article from: Revista Geológica de América Central

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Geochemistry and magmatic evolution of explosive tephras ET3 and ET4 from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica.(Geoquímica): An article from: Revista Geológica de América Central
Louise L. Bolge , Michael J. Carr , Mark D. Feigenson , and Andrea Borgia
Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Revista Geológica de América Central, published by Thomson Gale on June 1, 2004. The length of the article is 3928 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Geochemistry and magmatic evolution of explosive tephras ET3 and ET4 from Arenal volcano, Costa Rica.(Geoquímica)
Author: Louise L. Bolge
Publication: Revista Geológica de América Central (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 2004
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Issue: 30 Page: 127(9)

Distributed by Thomson Gale

Book Description

This is the first book on tunable external cavity semiconductor diode lasers, providing an up-to-date survey on the physics, technology, and performance of widely applicable coherent radiation sources of tunable external cavity diode lasers. The purpose is to provide a thorough account of the state-of-the-art of tunable external cavity diode lasers which is achieved by combining this account with basic concepts of semiconductor diode lasers and its tunability with monolithic structures. The practical and accessible information in this volume will enable the reader to study external cavity diode laser, to build up the systems of external cavity diode laser as well as to develop advanced systems for their particular applications. This book will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students, scientists and engineers alike.

Customer Reviews:

badly phrased text.......2007-02-08

The author explains how tunable external cavity diode lasers work, and why they are important. There are many practical uses, from communications to spectroscopy. Plus, having solid state lasers means that these are usually smaller than gas lasers giving the equivalent output. Hence the attraction of diode lasers. While the tunable aspect lets these be used in far more ways than a laser permanently fixed at one frequency.

The book gives good background in the general theory of heterostructure lasers. Like the different types of manufacturing processes, including MOCVD and MBE. While the theoretical designing of the band structure to optimise performance is also discussed. Some quantum mechanics is needed here to follow the narrative.

Unfortunately, the book suffers from being poorly edited. The author's native language appears not to be English. Many sentences are badly phrased. The meanings are clear, at least, but it's awkward to read. The book appears to have had a spell checker run through it. But nothing further. Spell checking usually only works on single words, and not on overall sentence construction. Some combination of the author and the editor dropped the ball.

Tunable Laser Applications (Optical Engineering)

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Tunable Laser Applications (Optical Engineering)

Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0824789288

Book Description

This work details tunable laser applications of broad interest, historical significance and potential future value. Atomic and molecular spectroscopy, interferometry, lightening triggering, imaging, laser radar, lidar and gyroscopes are discussed. The work focuses on various sources of coherent radiation such as optical parametric oscillators, external cavity semiconductors lasers, and dye, gas, C02, ultrashort-pulse and free-electron lasers.

Tunable Laser Diodes and Related Optical Sources

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Tunable Laser Diodes and Related Optical Sources
Jens Buus , Markus-Christian Amann , and Daniel J. Blumenthal
Manufacturer: Wiley-IEEE Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Tunable External Cavity Diode Lasers: Tunable Semiconductor Diode Lasers

ASIN: 0471208167

Book Description

The phenomenal growth in Internet traffic has lead to a huge increase in demand for data transmission capacity on a worldwide level. As a result, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology emerged, which makes it possible to transmit a large number of optical channels on a single optical fiber. An equally significant development occurred in optical networks, where switching and routing of signals takes place in the optical domain. This technology places special demands on the optical sources (lasers) used in the system. This text offers a description of the optical sources (equipment and devices) designed to meet these demands.
Sources for DWDM Systems is intended for the engineers and graduate students working on optical networks. There is currently a nearly explosive interest in optical networks and the components required for such networks, but there is presently no single work which covers the variety of optical sources which may be used. This book will cover a particular component, tunable lasers, which is the next "big thing" in DWDM.
The primary market are engineers developing tuneable lasers for optical networks, as well as graduate students enrolled in the optical engineering curriculum, especially: optical communication, semiconductor lasers, optical networks, and/or components for optical networks.

Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes and Optical Tunable Filters

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Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes and Optical Tunable Filters
H. Ghafouri-Shiraz
Manufacturer: Wiley
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Handbook of Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes (Optoelectronics Library)

ASIN: 0470856181

Book Description

Advances in optical fibre based communications systems have played a crucial role in the development of the information highway. By offering a single mode oscillation and narrow spectral output, distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser diodes offer excellent optical light sources as well as optical filters for fibre based communications and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. This comprehensive text focuses on the basic working principles of DFB laser diodes and optical filters and details the development of a new technique for enhanced system performance.

Considers the optical waveguiding characteristics and properties of semiconductor materials and the physics of DFB semiconductor lasers.
Presents a powerful modelling technique based on the transfer matrix method which can be used to improve the design of laser diodes, optical fibres and amplifiers.
Examines the effect of the various corrugation shapes on the coupling coefficients and lasing characteristics of DFB laser diodes.
Technical advice to improve immunity against the spatial hole burning effect.
Extensive referencing throughout and a comprehensive glossary of symbols and abbreviations.
Suitable for both introductory and advanced levels

This is an indispensable textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students of electrical and electronic engineering and physics as it consolidates their knowledge in this rapidly growing field. As a technical guide for the structural design of DFB laser diodes and optical filters, the book will serve as an invaluable reference for researchers in opto-electronics, and semi conductor device physics.

Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infraed Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II: 19-20 July 1999, Denver, Colorado ... Society for Optical Engineering, V. 3758.)

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Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infraed Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II: 19-20 July 1999, Denver, Colorado ... Society for Optical Engineering, V. 3758.)
Engineering, and Instrumentation (44th : 1999 : Denver, Colorado) International Symposium on Optical Science
Manufacturer: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engine
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 081943244X

Approximate Theories of Elastic Rods with Applications

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Approximate Theories of Elastic Rods with Applications

Manufacturer: Storming Media
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Spiral-bound

Product Description

This is a AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A196113. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: In this dissertation, approximate theories involving combinations of small and moderate strains and rotations for elastic rods are developed. Their usefulness is illustrated with several applications. The rod theory used to construct these theories is the directed (or Cosserat) rod theory developed by Green, Naghdi and several of their co-workers. The approximate theories which are developed in this dissertation are rendered properly invariant under arbitrary superposed rigid body motions by extending some recent work of Casey and Naghdi, and of O'Reilly. These extensions were developed to render the properly invariant theories more amenable to applications. The approximate theory that is the primary focus of this work is one involving small strain and moderate rotation. A parallel development for a directed surface was performed earlier by Naghdi and Vongsarnpigoon. Specifically, it is shown that there are considerable simplifications in the balance and constitutive laws as well as in the strain-displacement relations because of the assumptions made in this theory. p5

Design and Fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Structures for Tunable Micro-Optical Devices

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Design and Fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Structures for Tunable Micro-Optical Devices

Manufacturer: Storming Media
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Spiral-bound
ASIN: 1423506642

Product Description

This is a AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A940804. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: Tunable micro-optical devices are expected to be vital for future military optical communication systems. In this research I seek to optimize the design of a microelectromechanical (MEM) structure integrated with a III-V semiconductor micro-optical device. The resonant frequency of an integrated optical device, consisting of a Fabry-Perot etalon or vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), may be tuned by applying an actuation voltage to the MEM Flexure, thereby altering the device's optical cavity length. From my analysis I demonstrate tunable devices compatible with conventional silicon 5V integrated circuit technology. My design for a Fabry-Perot etalon has a theoretical tuning range of 200 nm, and my VCSEL design has a tuning range of 44nm, both achieved with actuation voltages as low as 4V. Utilizing my theoretical device designs I planned a new microelectronics fabrication process to realize a set of prototype MEM-tunable devices with a peak central emission wavelength at 980nm. I designed a mask set consisting of 8 mask levels and 252 distinct device designs, all within a die size of one square centimeter. My unique fabrication process utilizes a gold MEM flexure with a Si3N4/SiO2 dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror, grown on an all-semiconductor VCSEL or Fabry-Perot substrate. I successfully fabricated a complete set of MEM-tunable test structures using the cleanroom laboratory facilities at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL).

A Group Theoretic Tabu Search Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem

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A Group Theoretic Tabu Search Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem

Manufacturer: Storming Media
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Spiral-bound
ASIN: 1423538196

Product Description

This is a AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A123873. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that is mathematically modeled as a binary integer program. The TSP is a very important problem for the operations research academician and practitioner. This research demonstrates a Group Theoretic Tabu Search (GTTS) Java algorithm for the TSP. The tabu search metaheuristic continuously finds near-optimal solutions to the TSP under various different implementations. Algebraic group theory offers a more formal mathematical setting to study the TSP providing a theoretical foundation for describing tabu search. Specifically, this thesis uses the Symmetric Group on n letters, S(n), which is the set of all n! permutations on n letters whose binary operation is permutation multiplication, to describe the TSP solution space. Thus, the TSP is studied as a permutation problem rather than an integer program by applying the principles of group theory to define the tabu search move and neighborhood structure. The group theoretic concept of conjugation (an operation involving two group elements) simplifies the move definition as well as the intensification and diversification strategies. Conjugation in GTTS diversifies the search by allowing large rearrangement moves within a tour in a single move operation. Empirical results are presented along with the theoretical motivations for the research.

Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and Monitoring: Lidar Profiling, Doas and Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (Transport and Chemical Transformation ... of Pollutants in the Troposphere, V. 8)

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Instrument Development for Atmospheric Research and Monitoring: Lidar Profiling, Doas and Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (Transport and Chemical Transformation ... of Pollutants in the Troposphere, V. 8)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 354062516X

Book Description

The growth in our understanding of the production, transformation and loss of pollutants and trace substances in the atmosphere has followed closely the development of instrumentation for both in situ and remote measurements of the minute concentrations and fluxes of trace substances. In recent times the requirement has been for instruments which have a fast response, are chemically specific, and sensitive enough to detect small changes in concentrations at ppb and ppt levels. This book gives an account of such techniques. Each technique is reviewed and then the results of a number of detailed studies are presented. The book is Volume 8 of the series on Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere.

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Lattice-Algebraic Morphology

Manufacturer: Storming Media
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Spiral-bound
ASIN: 1423558626

Product Description

This is a ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD SENSORS AND ELECTRON DEVICES DIRECTORATE report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release. It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A865353. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: The relations between two abstract lattice-algebraical approaches to mathematical morphology are investigated. One approach, developed by Heijmans and Ronse, entails the use of an abelian automorphism group, G, acting transitively on a sup-generating subset of the lattice, in order to abstract the translation invariance present in concrete morphology theories. The other, developed by Banon and Barrera, analyzes general mappings between complete lattices and develops morphological decomposition formulas for such mappings. By determining the G-invariant forms of the concepts and theorems of the Banon- Barrera theory, the present investigation combines the two theories into a coherent whole and develops them further.

Customer Reviews:

Great and (in my opinion) underappreciated book........2002-03-23

I have a tremendous interest in Asian culture, and bought this book for myself on a whim. It turned out to be a lucky choice. Oda Sakunosuke wrote in the period prior to and during WWII. He was one of the "Hooligan School" of writers in Japan and his stories are perhaps too revealing and unflattering for the times in his country. This book has an introduction by the translator, Burton Watson, which, while brief, is highly informative. I loved this book.

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Stories of Osaka Life
Oda Sakunosuke
Manufacturer: Columbia Univ Pr
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OPXKE4

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