Paraoxonase (PON1) in Health and Disease: Basic and Clinical Aspects

Book Description

The journey to find genes responsible for determining sensitivity or resistance to specific insecticides led to the paraoxonase (PON1) gene on human chromosome 7. This gene encodes a 355 amino acid protein that is localized on the high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in plasma. Characterization of this gene revealed that different individuals expressed both different forms of this enzyme with amino acid substitutions at positions 55 and 192 as well as different levels of this protein. Additional studies showed that mutations in the regulatory region of the PON1 gene contributed to the very different levels of plasma PON1 among individuals. It turned out that both the level of the enzyme as well as the amino acid present at position 192 (glutamine or arginine) are important in determining resistance to the active forms of specific organophosphorus insecticides, especially diazinon and chlorpyrifos. The position 192 amino acid also determined whether an individual's plasma hydrolyzed the nerve agents soman and sarin at high or low rates. It is not yet known whether these different rates of hydrolysis observed in biochemical assays reflect differences in sensitivity of individuals to nerve agents. Taken together, all of the experiments carried out to date indicate that engineered recombinant PON1 is an excellent candidate to use for treating cases of poisoning by specific organophosphorus compounds. The available data on the relationship of PON1 levels and position 192 genotype led us to introduce the term PON1 status to describe an individual's PON1 plasma level as well as their position 192 genotype.

The characterization of the genetic variations of the PON1 gene together with experiments showing that HDL can protect the lipids in low density lipoprotein particles (LDL) from oxidation and that it was PON1 that was responsible for this protection have opened an entirely new area of investigation, the role of PON1 in protecting against vascular disease.

More recent reports have noted that PON1 also metabolizes a number of drugs, activating some and inactivating others.

This book describes the recent advances in understanding the role of PON1 in both cardiovascular disease and toxicology of insecticide exposure as well as some of the recent information indicating an important possible role in the pharmacokinetics of drug metabolism. The final chapter of the book provides an overview of the areas of PON1 research and suggests future directions for research on PON1 as well as the related, linked genes PON2 and PON3.

The Paraoxonases: Their Role in Disease Development and Xenobiotic Metabolism (Proteins and Cell Regulation)

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The Paraoxonases: Their Role in Disease Development and Xenobiotic Metabolism (Proteins and Cell Regulation)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Book Description

Research into the paraoxonase (PON) multigene family has really only blossomed in the last 10 years. Before this time only PON1 was known and research was restricted to toxicologists investigating the metabolism of organophosphate insecticides and nerve gases and a few “mad” scientists searching for “natural” substrates.

Since this time two new members PON2 and PON3 have been discovered, all 3 PONs have been shown to act as antioxidants and the PON family has taken centre stage as major players in the development of a wide variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, Alzheimer and many more while remaining important in determining organophosphate toxicity.

In September 2006 the 2 ^nd International Conference on Paraoxonases took place in Hajdúszoboszló, Hungary, bringing together the world's foremost experts in the field. The current book is a distillation of the plenary lectures which took place at the meeting, resulting in a comprehensive up to date, state of the art review of current paraoxonase research.

Copper deficiency, lead, and paraoxonase.(Correspondence): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives

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Copper deficiency, lead, and paraoxonase.(Correspondence): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives
Leslie M. Klevay
Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000VDEAYS
Release Date: 2007-08-23

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2007. The length of the article is 859 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Copper deficiency, lead, and paraoxonase.(Correspondence)
Author: Leslie M. Klevay
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 115 Issue: 7 Page: A341(2)

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Copper deficiency, lead, and paraoxonase: Li et al. respond.(Correspondence): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives

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Copper deficiency, lead, and paraoxonase: Li et al. respond.(Correspondence): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives
Wan-Fen Li , and Hung-Yi Chuang
Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000VDEAZ2
Release Date: 2007-08-23

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2007. The length of the article is 694 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Copper deficiency, lead, and paraoxonase: Li et al. respond.(Correspondence)
Author: Wan-Fen Li
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 115 Issue: 7 Page: A342(1)

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Genetic variants of the paraoxonases (PON1 and PON2) in the Chilean population.: An article from: Human Biology

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Genetic variants of the paraoxonases (PON1 and PON2) in the Chilean population.: An article from: Human Biology
M. Acuna , L. Eaton , and Cifuentes L.
Manufacturer: Wayne State University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Human Biology, published by Wayne State University Press on April 1, 2004. The length of the article is 2510 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: KEY WORDS: PON1, PON2, PARAOXONASE, CHILEAN POPULATION, AMERINDIAN ADMIXTURE, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.

Citation Details
Title: Genetic variants of the paraoxonases (PON1 and PON2) in the Chilean population.
Author: M. Acuna
Publication: Human Biology (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2004
Publisher: Wayne State University Press
Volume: 76 Issue: 2 Page: 299(7)

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Influence of exposure to pesticides on serum components and enzyme [An article from: Environmental Research]

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Influence of exposure to pesticides on serum components and enzyme [An article from: Environmental Research]
A.F. Hernandez , M. Amparo Gomez , V. Perez , and Garcia-
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000P6OFJ6

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Research, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Although the effects of acute pesticide poisoning are well known for the pesticides most currently used, hardly any data exist on health effects after long-term low-dose exposures. Major unresolved issues include the effect of moderate exposure in the absence of poisoning. The increased utilization of pesticides other than organophosphates makes it even more difficult to find associations. In this study a cohort of 106 intensive agriculture workers were assessed twice during the course of a spraying season for changes in serum biochemistry, namely enzymes reflecting cytotoxicity (AST, ALT, LDH, CK, and amino-oxidase) and other biochemical parameters, such as markers of nephrotoxicity (urea, creatinine) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides). Several criteria for estimating pesticide exposure were used, the most important one being serum cholinesterase depression greater than 25% from baseline to peak exposure. Our results revealed an association of pesticide exposure with changes in AST (increased activity), LDH, and amino-oxidase (decreased activity) as well as with changes in serum creatinine and phosphorus (lower and higher levels, respectively). These results provide support for a very slight impairment of the liver function, but overall these findings are consistent with no clinically significant hepatotoxicity. Intriguingly, paraoxonase-1 R allele was found to be an independent predictor of higher rates of AST and lower rates of amino-oxidase, so that it may play a supporting role as an individual marker of susceptibility on pesticide-induced health effects. In conclusion, different biomarkers might be used to detect early biochemical effects of pesticides before adverse clinical health effects occur.

Influence of exposure to pesticides on serum components and enzyme activities of cytotoxicity among intensive agriculture farmers [An article from: Environmental Research]

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Influence of exposure to pesticides on serum components and enzyme activities of cytotoxicity among intensive agriculture farmers [An article from: Environmental Research]
A.F. Hernandez , M. Amparo Gomez , V. Perez , and Garcia-
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000PAA62C

Book Description

Lead exposure is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and genotypes.(Research): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives

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Lead exposure is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and genotypes.(Research): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives
Wan-Fen Li , Mei-Hung Pan , Meng-Chu Chung , Chi-Kung Ho , and Hung-Yi Chuang
Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000OI05YY
Release Date: 2007-03-15

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2006. The length of the article is 5372 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Lead exposure is associated with decreased serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and genotypes.(Research)
Author: Wan-Fen Li
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 114 Issue: 8 Page: 1233(4)

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New data on the world distribution of paraoxonase (PON1 Gln 192 [right arrow] Arg) gene frequencies.: An article from: Human Biology

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New data on the world distribution of paraoxonase (PON1 Gln 192 [right arrow] Arg) gene frequencies.: An article from: Human Biology
R. Scacchi , R.M. Corbo , O. Rickards , and G.F. De Stefano
Manufacturer: Wayne State University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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Book Description

This digital document is an article from Human Biology, published by Wayne State University Press on June 1, 2003. The length of the article is 3923 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: KEY WORDS: DNA POLYMORPH1SMS, PON1, PARAOXONASE, ETHIOPIA, BENIN, ECUADOR, SARDINIA, ITALY

Citation Details
Title: New data on the world distribution of paraoxonase (PON1 Gln 192 [right arrow] Arg) gene frequencies.
Author: R. Scacchi
Publication: Human Biology (Refereed)
Date: June 1, 2003
Publisher: Wayne State University Press
Volume: 75 Issue: 3 Page: 365(9)

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Paraoxonase polymorphisms, haplotypes, and enzyme activity in Latino mothers and newborns.(Research): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives

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Paraoxonase polymorphisms, haplotypes, and enzyme activity in Latino mothers and newborns.(Research): An article from: Environmental Health Perspectives
Nina Holland , Clement Furlong , Maria Bastaki , Rebecca Richter , Asa Bradman , Karen Huen , Kenneth Beckman , and Brenda Eskenazi
Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000OI0350
Release Date: 2007-03-14

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Environmental Health Perspectives, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2006. The length of the article is 8695 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Paraoxonase polymorphisms, haplotypes, and enzyme activity in Latino mothers and newborns.(Research)
Author: Nina Holland
Publication: Environmental Health Perspectives (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 114 Issue: 7 Page: 985(7)

Distributed by Thomson Gale

Book Description

Artificial neural networks possess several properties that make them particularly attractive for applications to modelling and control of complex non-linear systems. Among these properties are their universal approximation ability, their parallel network structure and the availability of on- and off-line learning methods for the interconnection weights. However, dynamic models that contain neural network architectures might be highly non-linear and difficult to analyse as a result. Artificial Neural Networks for Modelling and Control of Non-Linear Systems investigates the subject from a system theoretical point of view. However the mathematical theory that is required from the reader is limited to matrix calculus, basic analysis, differential equations and basic linear system theory. No preliminary knowledge of neural networks is explicitly required. The book presents both classical and novel network architectures and learning algorithms for modelling and control. Topics include non-linear system identification, neural optimal control, top-down model based neural control design and stability analysis of neural control systems. A major contribution of this book is to introduce NLq Theory as an extension towards modern control theory, in order to analyze and synthesize non-linear systems that contain linear together with static non-linear operators that satisfy a sector condition: neural state space control systems are an example. Moreover, it turns out that NLq Theory is unifying with respect to many problems arising in neural networks, systems and control. Examples show that complex non-linear systems can be modelled and controlled within NLq theory, including mastering chaos. The didactic flavor of this book makes it suitable for use as a text for a course on Neural Networks. In addition, researchers and designers will find many important new techniques, in particular NLq Theory, that have applications in control theory, system theory, circuit theory and Time Series Analysis.

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ibne yarrak.......1999-04-28

siz ne kadar ibnesiniz ya bu gotten kitaba bukadar paraistiyonuz ben size ancak yarak verirm yarrak

Nonlinear Identification and Control: A Neural Network Approach (Advances in Industrial Control)

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Nonlinear Identification and Control: A Neural Network Approach (Advances in Industrial Control)
G.P. Liu
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 1852333421

Book Description

The purpose of this monograph is to give the broad aspects of nonlinear identification and control using neural networks. It consists of three parts:
- an introduction to the fundamental principles of neural networks;
- several methods for nonlinear identification using neural networks;
- various techniques for nonlinear control using neural networks.
A number of simulated and industrial examples are used throughout the monograph to demonstrate the operation of nonlinear identification and control techniques using neural networks. It should be emphasised that the methods and systems of nonlinear control have not progressed as rapidly as those for linear control. Comparatively speaking, at the present time, they are still in the development stage. We believe that the fundamental theory, various design methods and techniques, and several applications of nonlinear identification and control using neural networks that are presented in this monograph will enable the reader to analyse and synthesise nonlinear control systems quantitatively.

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Sparkling intros lead into a superb collection.......1998-01-10

Wilkie and Hurt have done a fantastic job of compiling the great works of Western literature - no easy task, to be sure. Their brief notes on each author and piece of writing made for a fine introduction to the readings. Although there are additional pieces I would have welcomed, it makes a superb overview. For academic or general reading purposes, it offers the finest assortment of uncut texts I have seen.

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