Shapes of Time: The Evolution of Growth and Development
Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
  • A great book on an often neglected topic...
  • Evolution revised and extended
Shapes of Time: The Evolution of Growth and Development
Kenneth J. McNamara
Manufacturer: The Johns Hopkins University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0801855713

Book Description

Have you ever wondered how evolution produced the wing of a bat, the foot of the first amphibian, the tiny arms of the Tyrannosaurus, or the eye and brain that allow you to read these words? Conventional wisdom would say natural selection. But can this alone explain the subtle nuances and wonders of evolution?

Shapes of Time explores evolution down another, much neglected avenue that links natural selection and genetics -- the effect of changes to the rates and timing of growth and development. Kenneth J. McNamara delves into the living and fossil worlds to show how animals and plants have evolved when the carefully orchestrated pattern of embryological development is gently nudged off-course -- producing species that may have developed "beyond" their ancestors, or others that have developed less, looking more like overgrown juveniles.

McNamara shows how this phenomenon -- known as heterochrony -- has affected many aspects of evolution, including the mechanism behind the selection of different breeds of animals, differences between sexes, and animal behavior. Heterochrony accounts for the "Peter Pan syndrome," in which some species look like their ancestors' children. It explains what was really behind the evolution of flightless birds, how the dinosaurs got so big, how pterosaurs managed to produce a wing supported only by their fourth fingers, and what has driven the evolution of the animal closest to our hearts -- the largest primate species with the biggest brain and longest childhood -- Homo sapiens.

Customer Reviews:

5 out of 5 stars A great book on an often neglected topic..........2000-09-15

Genetics and natural selection typically take front stage in discussions of evolution. Such has been the case for a long time, and may be for some time to come. BUT in "Shapes of Time," McNamara makes a strong case for including growth development in the mix in deciding how, why, and when organisms came to be the way they are (or were).

McNamara's main thesis is that three major developmental trends -- 1) Peramorphosis; 2) Paedomorphosis; and 3) Hypermorphosis (a twist on Peramorphosis) -- produce a good deal of the observable variability out there. He proceeds to make the case that changes in rates of development and growth (i.e., heterochrony) can have a major impact as an evolutionary process, and that heterochrony deserves a more prominent place in evolutionary theory.

Just so you know what he's talking about...1) peramorphosis is a condition where growth or development proceeds beyond that observed in the ancestral condition; 2) paedomorphosis is a condition where development does not reach the state observed in the ancestral condition; and 3) hypermorphosis (a form of peramorphosis) is a condition where not only does growth and development surpass the ancestral condition, but growth and development proceeds longer than in the ancestral condition.

McNamara does an excellent job of tying together his thesis in the last chapter by applying virtually everything he talked about throughout the book. In that chapter he addresses human evolution, and does a great job of showing how, in terms of heterochrony, we are a "cocktail organism," showing signs of paedomorphosis here, perimorphosis there, and hypermorphosis in another situation.

Readers entrenched in the traditional view of the "new synthesis," i.e., genetics + natural selection = evolution, will find themselves shaking their heads here and there as they read this book (I even did that a couple of times and I'm a relatively strong proponent of development being a significant factor in evolution). If you press on you will find that McNamara makes a sensible, supported case for the importance of heterochrony as being an important factor in evolutionary theory.

The question I have is this: "What is the source of heterochrony in development?" McNamara doesn't address this directly, but his downplaying the role of genetics suggests that genetic variability codes primarily for what happens, not when or how fast it happens. This is a quandry! What controls and passes on information about the timing of development and growth if not genetics? In any case heterochrony exists in growth and development. That is not debatable.

I support McNamara's position that growth and development play a major role in evolution. I wonder what it will take to get those factors included in mainstream discussions on evolutionary theory?

Good job to Kenneth McNamara! He provides good food for thought in this offering.

5 stars.

Alan Holyoak, Dept of Biology, Manchester College, IN

5 out of 5 stars Evolution revised and extended.......1999-01-21

A winderful book, well writen, full of exemples and recent discoveries in understanding of the mecanisms driving evolutionary change. Not the common book on natural selection. Startingly fresh and thoughts-provoking! Shoulf be on every biologist bookshelf and is a great intorduction to the extented theory of evolution for anyone.
SHAPES OF TIME: THE EVOLUTION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Average customer rating: Not rated
    SHAPES OF TIME: THE EVOLUTION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
    Ken McNamara
    Manufacturer: Johns Hopkins University Press
    ProductGroup: Book
    Binding: Hardcover
    ASIN: B000OABFQE
    Shapes of Time: The Evolution of Growth and Development
    Average customer rating: Not rated
      Shapes of Time: The Evolution of Growth and Development
      Ken; McNamara, Kenneth J. McNamara
      Manufacturer: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr
      ProductGroup: Book
      Binding: Hardcover
      ASIN: B000PSBWG8

      Educating for OSHA Savvy Chemists (Acs Symposium Series)
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        Educating for OSHA Savvy Chemists (Acs Symposium Series)

        Manufacturer: An American Chemical Society Publication
        ProductGroup: Book
        Binding: Hardcover

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        ASIN: 0841235694

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        This book discusses how the basic principles of chemical safety can be incorporated in chemical education curricula. It includes numerous examples and techniques, and it describes chemical laboratory compliance programs written in accordance with OSHA's laboratory standards. The book emphasizes the teaching of complex toxicological, regulatory, industrial hygiene, and chemical hazard information.

        Boundary Value Problems for Elliptic Systems
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          Boundary Value Problems for Elliptic Systems
          J. T. Wloka , B. Rowley , and B. Lawruk
          Manufacturer: Cambridge University Press
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          Binding: Hardcover

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          ASIN: 0521430119

          Book Description

          The theory of boundary value problems for elliptic systems of partial differential equations has many applications in mathematics and the physical sciences. The aim of this book is to "algebraize" the index theory by means of pseudo-differential operators and new methods in the spectral theory of matrix polynomials. This latter theory provides important tools that will enable the student to work efficiently with the principal symbols of the elliptic and boundary operators on the boundary. Because many new methods and results are introduced and used throughout the book, all the theorems are proved in detail, and the methods are well illustrated through numerous examples and exercises. This book is ideal for use in graduate level courses on partial differential equations, elliptic systems, pseudo-differential operators, and matrix analysis.
          Variational Methods for Boundary Value Problems: for Systems of Elliptic Equations (Phoenix Edition)
          Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
          • Edu-fun-a-cational!
          Variational Methods for Boundary Value Problems: for Systems of Elliptic Equations (Phoenix Edition)
          M. A. Lavrent'ev
          Manufacturer: Dover Publications
          ProductGroup: Book
          Binding: Hardcover

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          ASIN: 0486450783

          Book Description

          In this work, a distinguished Russian mathematical scholar presents an innovative approach to classical boundary value problems. The first two chapters cover variational principles of the theory of conformal mapping and behavior of a conformal transformation on the boundary. Succeeding chapters address hydrodynamic applications, quasi-conformal mappings, linear systems and the simplest classes of non-linear systems.

          Customer Reviews:

          5 out of 5 stars Edu-fun-a-cational!.......2003-07-17

          What can I say? This book is just the cream of the crop when it comes to boundry value problems for elipictic equations! No other books even come close! The diagram on the cover is just one of MANY that delve deep into the oasis of info-tainment that is the world of elliptic equations and allow you to visualize the many subtly intriging nuances and fiendishly clever intricicies of the subject! I've read many, many books on variational methods for boundry value problems for systems of elliptic equations, even the now famous "Variational Methods for Boundary Value Problems for Systems of Elliptic Equations And You: A Exploration of How the Exciting World of Variational Methods for Boundary Value Problems for Systems of Elliptic Equations Affects Your Every Day Life" By Dr. Ben Suerhamahuerastedt and it can't even come close to the level of intelec-fun-ual content in this super-tastic volume of mathimatical lore. It all brings me back to my days when I used to study Variational Methods for Boundary Value Problems for Systems of Elliptic Equations as a young lad in the snowy villas of Switzerland. This volume is simply the most info-joy-mational work in the whole spectrum of books relating to Variational Methods for Boundary Value Problems for Systems of Elliptic Equations. Top notch! Another coup in the world of mathi-pleasure-matical books by M. A. Lavrentev, Mikhail Alekseevich Lavrent'ev. A must have for every home!
          Perturbation Methods and Semilinear Elliptic Problems on R^n (Progress in Mathematics)
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            Perturbation Methods and Semilinear Elliptic Problems on R^n (Progress in Mathematics)
            Antonio Ambrosetti , and Andrea Malchiodi
            Manufacturer: Birkhäuser Basel
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            The aim of this monograph is to discuss several elliptic problems on R n with two main features: they are variational and perturbative in nature, and standard tools of nonlinear analysis based on compactness arguments cannot be used in general. For these problems, a more specific approach that takes advantage of such a perturbative setting seems to be the most appropriate. The first part of the book is devoted to these abstract tools, which provide a unified frame for several applications, often considered different in nature.
            Such applications are discussed in the second part, and include semilinear elliptic
            problems on R n, bifurcation from the essential spectrum, the prescribed scalar
            curvature problem, nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and singularly perturbed
            elliptic problems in domains. These topics are presented in a systematic and
            unified way.
            Boundary Value Problems for Elliptic Equations and Systems (Pitman Monographs & Surveys in Pure & Applied Mathematics)
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              Guo Chun Wen , and Henrich G. W. Begehr
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              Boundary value problems governed by second order elliptic systems (Monographs and studies in mathematics)
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                David L Clements
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                Boundary-Value Problems With Free Boundaries for Elliptic Systems of Equations (Translations of Mathematical Monographs)
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                  ASIN: 0821845101

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                  This book is concerned with certain classes of nonlinear problems for elliptic systems of partial differential equations: boundary-value problems with free boundaries. The first part has to do with the general theory of boundary-value problems for analytic functions and its applications to hydrodynamics. The second presents the theory of quasiconformal mappings, along with the theory of boundary-value problems for elliptic systems of equations and applications of it to problems in the mechanics of continuous media with free boundaries: problems in subsonic gas dynamics, filtration theory, and problems in elastico-plasticity.
                  Linear elliptic differential systems and eigenvalue problems (Lecture notes in mathematics)
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                    Gaetano Fichera
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                      Solving Elliptic Problems Using Ellpack (Springer Series in Computational Mathematics)
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                        J. Rice
                        Manufacturer: Springer
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                        This book is a complete guide to the ELLPACK software system for solving elliptic partial differential equations. ELLPACK consists of a very high level user interface to over 50 problem solving modules. These modules are state of the art software for two and three dimensional problems and include finite difference, finite element, SFT, multigrid and many other capabilities.
                        Boundary-Value Problems with Free Boundaries for Elliptic Systems of E
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                          Young Goodman Brown and Other Tales (Oxford World's Classics)
                          Average customer rating: 5 out of 5 stars
                          • Worth the effort
                          • The Devil Made Me Do It
                          Young Goodman Brown and Other Tales (Oxford World's Classics)
                          Nathaniel Hawthorne
                          Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
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                          Binding: Paperback

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                          ASIN: 0192836005

                          Book Description

                          The first paperback edition to include full annotations of these twenty Hawthorne tales written between the 1830s and 50s, this volume contains the classic pieces "Young Goodman Brown," "The Maypole of Merry Mount," "The Birthmark," "The Celestial Railroad," and "Earth's Holocaust," as well as
                          tales, such as "My Kinsman, Major Molineux," which represent Hawthorne's interest in the spiritual history of New England.

                          Customer Reviews:

                          5 out of 5 stars Worth the effort.......2007-06-27

                          Not an entirely easy read because moral is intertwined with the stories. So if just breezing through is your goal, you won't understand or enjoy much of it. But if you take the time and exert the mental effort to try to understand the deeper meaning in these stories then, just as with The Scarlet Letter, by the time you are done reading these stories, you'll feel fulfilled somehow. You'll feel that you've read something of value and that it was well worth your time.

                          5 out of 5 stars The Devil Made Me Do It.......2006-07-09

                          This publication of collected Hawthorne stories is a quite useful anthology. With 20 separate stories of the greatest renown and variety included; the reader gets a very fine spread of excellent short stories by one of America's most accomplished writers.

                          The title story, "Young Goodman Brown" is perhaps the best example of his famous short stories. In this tale, Young Goodman Brown takes a small trip down a path into the forest to contemplate a pact with the devil. His guilt is overwhelming. But, he notices something special on his way to meet Satan. He notices all the fine people of Salem who are gathered in front of himself, already in good association with the Dark Lord.

                          Hawthorne's descriptions are stark and heavily descriptive. His imagery is inescapable. And his social commentary is quick of wit and not very accepting of hypocrisy. He truly crafted his stories in a fine and substantial manner, such that they read fresh, even today so many years after their initial publication.

                          Of special note is "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment." The good Doctor wishes to conduct a behavioral experiment. He invites 4 of his close and elderly friends to the house. And he produces a flask of water from the "Fountain of Youth." The Doctor is successful in getting his guests to believe the source and act in accordance, seeing themselves all of a sudden much younger and spry.

                          Of particular interest is Hawhorne's own footnote to the story at the end which indicates that some have accused him of plagiary from another story by Alexander Dumas, but since he had written this one far before Dumas'; it is but Dumas' who gives him the honor of borrowing his original idea.

                          The book is particularly useful in its provision of endnotes that are very helpful in absorbing and imagining the totality of what Hawthorne was saying; particularly from a historical perspective. The book is recommended to all readers of classic American fiction, especially those lovers of Hawthorne.
                          Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories (Dover Thrift Editions)
                          Average customer rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars
                          • Virtue vs. vice and fabulous storytelling
                          • Witchcraft, Revenge, Guilt, Artistic Obsession, and Humor - Distinctly Hawthorne
                          • The Artist's consciousness...the soul's examination...
                          • A potent sampling of Hawthorne's tales
                          • Young Goodman Brown
                          Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories (Dover Thrift Editions)
                          Nathaniel Hawthorne
                          Manufacturer: Dover Publications
                          ProductGroup: Book
                          Binding: Paperback

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                          ASIN: 0486270602

                          Book Description

                          Choice collection of short fiction by one of the masters of the genre. In addition to the title story, this volume includes "The Birthmark," "Rappaccini’s Daughter," "Roger Malvin’s Burial," "The Artist of the Beautiful," "Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment" and "My Kinsman, Major Molineux." Tales deal with scientific experiment, witchcraft, revenge, more.

                          Customer Reviews:

                          5 out of 5 stars Virtue vs. vice and fabulous storytelling.......2007-05-23

                          An incredible bargain and wonderful tales to boot, vice and virtue were never more complex or interwoven as in these Hawthorne tales. All of his stories speak to the irreversible errors of man, well not altogether irreversible. There is redemption and resolve but not for all his characters. If you are looking for spiritually driven fabulously intriguing stories, look no further. Edgar Allan Poe has a fierce rival.

                          4 out of 5 stars Witchcraft, Revenge, Guilt, Artistic Obsession, and Humor - Distinctly Hawthorne.......2007-05-09

                          In reviewing Twice-Told Tales, Edgar Allen Poe wrote: "Mr. Hawthorne's distinctive trait is invention, creation, imagination, and originality. It would be a matter of some difficulty to designate the best of these tales; we repeat, without exception, they are beautiful."

                          This little Dover Thrift Edition - Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories - offers seven interesting and varied tales by Hawthorne. Actually, only one, Dr. Heidegger's Experiment (1837), is found in Twice-Told Tales. This imaginative short story is among Hawthorne's most humorous and is often found today in short story anthologies. Accused by some of plagiarizing this story from a chapter in a novel by Alexandre Dumas, Hawthorne pointed out that his tale predated by more than twenty years that of Dumas, and that he took some pride in that Dumas chose to appropriate this fanciful work for his novel.

                          Five stories - The Birthmark (1843), Young Goodman Brown (1835), Rappaccini's Daughter (1844), Roger Malvin's Burial (1832), and The Artist of the Beautiful (1844) - are from the collection titled Mosses from an Old Manse. The Birthmark and Rappaccini's Daughter are tales of arrogance and obsession, whereby men of science go astray in their compulsive pursuit of knowledge and perfection.

                          Like many of Hawthorne's stories, Young Goodman Brown is distinctly American, drawing upon the Puritan influence in the New England colonies. I find this inventive story of witchcraft and temptation to be somewhat sobering as Goodman Brown learns that the mere act of encountering temptation, even if ultimately resisted, may have unexpected consequences.

                          The Artist of the Beautiful stands apart from the others in this short collection; this story of artistic passion is surprisingly modern. The psychological development and somewhat ambiguous ending is, perhaps, not entirely unlike the writings of Henry James some fifty years later.

                          I do not recall previously encountering either of the last two stories, Roger Malvin's Burial and My Kinsman, Major Molineux. Although Roger Malvin's Burial is a tale of guilt and ultimate retribution, it does not draw upon the Puritan heritage. Rather out of character for Hawthorne, Malvin's Burial explores the role of the frontier wilderness in New England history. Although My Kinsman, Major Molineux offers a humorous conclusion to these New England tales, this story of the revolutionary period has a serious side also.

                          5 out of 5 stars The Artist's consciousness...the soul's examination..........2002-05-26

                          Nathaniel Hawthorne, as a writer and artist, has a
                          unique effect upon me as the reader. I am a bit put off
                          by his keep-your-distance...this is my stage, my characters,
                          my plot...you may observe, learn, but not participate
                          as experiencer...approach. Thus he is the master artist,
                          displaying his wares...and they are wondrous. The other
                          effect of Hawthorne upon me, is that I seem to feel that
                          his works are as carefully crafted, visualized, and
                          fatefully fulfilled (using all the motifs, symbols,
                          and foreshadowing--as well as irony, psychological
                          insight, and artistic deftness of creative imagination
                          and clever nuance) as Wagner's operas. Though "Young
                          Goodman Brown" seems a bit (just a bit,) too blatant
                          with the symbols and allegory, yet there is something
                          also immensely satisfying and complete in the intricate
                          way in which all the parts fit together. "The Artist of
                          the Beautiful," for me, is the supreme creation in this
                          collection of stories.
                          It is Hawthorne's insights, both about human
                          psychology and artistic awareness and limitation, that
                          amaze and please me. Here is an excerpt from the haunting
                          tale, "The Birthmark," in which a perfectionist husband
                          attempts to remove a small birthmark from his wife's
                          cheek so she will be completely perfect. The husband
                          is Aylmer; his wife is Georgiana. The wife chances upon
                          the volumes which Aylmer has, and one of them is a record
                          of all of his own experiments. "But to Georgiana, the
                          most engrossing volume was a large folio from her
                          husband's own hand, in which he had recorded every
                          experiment of his scientific career, its original aim,
                          the methods adopted for its development, and its final
                          success or failure.... The book, in truth, was both the
                          history and emblem of his ardent, ambitious, imaginative,
                          yet practical and laborious life. He handled physical
                          details as if there were nothing beyond them; yet
                          spiritualized them all, and redeemed himself from

                          materialism by his strong and eager apiration towards
                          the infinite. In his grasp the veriest clod of earth
                          assumed a soul. * * * The volume rich with achievements
                          that had won renown for its author, was yet as melancholy
                          a record as ever mortal hand had penned. It was the sad
                          confession and continual exemplification of the
                          shortcomings of the composite man, the spirit burdened
                          with clay and working in matter, and of the despair
                          that assails the higher nature at finding itself so

                          miserably thwarted by the earthly part. Perhaps every
                          man of genius, in whatever sphere, might recognize the
                          image of his own experience in Aylmer's journal."
                          The greatness of that insight is that it not only
                          applies to Aylmer, but it also obviously is something
                          which Hawthorne as an artist of the imagination
                          had grappled with himself -- while still having to live
                          in the practical world of matter, being assaulted by
                          its harassments, sicknesses, weakenings, dangers,
                          limits...and being forced to scratch out something by the
                          way of making a living for himself and his dependents.
                          Yet he feels somehow compromised and humiliated by the
                          ironic joke of having the transcendent consciousness
                          and soul imprisoned in the body's corruptible matter.
                          Here is Hawthorne the Artist expressing it so well
                          in "The Artist of the Beautiful": "He knew that the
                          world, and Annie as the representative of the world,
                          whatever praise might be bestowed, could never say the
                          fitting word nor feel the fitting sentiment which should
                          be the perfect recompense of an artist who, symbolizing
                          a lofty moral by a material trifle, -- converting what
                          was earthly to spiritual gold, -- had won the beautiful
                          into his handiwork. Not at this latest moment was he
                          to learn that the reward of all high performance must be
                          sought within itself, or sought in vain."
                          The insight and artistic sensitivity and psychological
                          understanding more than outshine the stand-offish
                          stage manager and manipulator of effects.

                          5 out of 5 stars A potent sampling of Hawthorne's tales.......2001-08-19

                          "Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories" brings together 7 tales by the great United States author Nathaniel Hawthorne. These stories date from the 1830s and 1840s, and reveal Hawthorne, well-known today as a novelist, to be a talented practitioner of the short story genre.

                          These are stories of weird science, romantic and professional obsession, thwarted love, witchcraft, guilt, and the quest for beauty. Irony and tragedy mark many of the tales. Hawthorne takes us from the rugged American frontier to a sunlit Italian garden. The title story is a strangely compelling evocation of the Salem Puritans and their obsession with Satanic conspiracies. Also impressive is "Roger Malvin's Burial," a devastating psychological tale.

                          If the only Hawthorne you know is the author of the justly-celebrated "Scarlet Letter," check out this collection. Overall, this book is a good choice both for classroom use and individual reading.

                          4 out of 5 stars Young Goodman Brown.......1999-12-15

                          This short story is full of intrigue. I am a lover of mystery and suspense. Young Goodman Brown has twists and turns that will surprise you. I recommend this short story for anyone who loves intrigue.
                          Young Goodman Brown And Other Short Stories
                          Average customer rating: Not rated
                            Young Goodman Brown And Other Short Stories
                            Nathaniel Hawthorne
                            Manufacturer: NY
                            ProductGroup: Book
                            Binding: Paperback

                            Hawthorne, NathanielHawthorne, Nathaniel | Classics | United States | World Literature | Literature & Fiction | Subjects | Books
                            ASIN: B000MU9GAS

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