Antiviral Nucleosides: Chiral Synthesis and Chemotherapy

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• Up-to-date review on the chemistry and biology of nucleosides

• Modern synthetic methodology

• Comprehensive coverage of antiviral nucleosides

This book summarizes the recent advances in nucleosides chemistry and chemotherapy over the past 10-15 years. It covers recently discovered nucleoside antiviral agents, their therapeutic aspects and biochemistry, and also extensive reviews on their chiral synthesis.

Book Description

An important purpose of The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry is to aid the understanding of distribution and chemical reaction processes which occur in the environment. It is designed to serve as an important source for environmental scientists and decision-makers in industry, governmental and regulatory bodies. Volume 3, Part E of this series is dedicated to organometallic compounds, aluminium and to chemicals used in the rubber industry.

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Anthropogenic Compounds/Part B
Hutzinger
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Environmental Impacts of Soil Component Interactions: Land Quality, Natural and Anthropogenic Organics, Volume I

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Environmental Impacts of Soil Component Interactions: Land Quality, Natural and Anthropogenic Organics, Volume I
P. M. Huang , J. Berthelin , Jean-Marc Bollag , and William B. McGill
Manufacturer: CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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This book addresses the interactions of soil minerals with organics and microbes and their impacts on the dynamics, transformations, and toxicity of metals, metalloids, other inorganics, and xenobiotics that affect land quality and ecosystem health. It is the result of the work group on "interactions of soil minerals with organic components and microorganisms" in the International Society of Soil Science.

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds

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The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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Chemical characteristics of aerosols transported from Asia to the East China Sea: an evaluation of anthropogenic combined nitrogen deposition in autumn [An article from: Atmospheric Environment]

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Chemical characteristics of aerosols transported from Asia to the East China Sea: an evaluation of anthropogenic combined nitrogen deposition in autumn [An article from: Atmospheric Environment]
T. Nakamura , K. Matsumoto , and M. Uematsu
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

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ASIN: B000RR4FRA

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Deposition of terrestrial aerosols is one of the major means of fertilizing the oligotrophic ocean waters. In order to understand the biogeochemical significance of aerosols transported from the Asian continent, and deposited over the East China Sea, we studied their chemical properties by making continuous measurements on board R/V Hakuho Maru in autumn, a season of lower dust events. Outflows of anthropogenic substances were observed over the East China Sea. The average concentration of non-sea-salt (nss)-SO"4^2^- in aerosols was 8.7+/-6.8@mgm^-^3, a value typical for polluted atmosphere of a highly industrialized urban area in South China. Fine mode NH"4^+ mainly occurred as (NH"4)"2SO"4 and/or NH"4HSO"4 while in coarse mode it was formed from intermodal coagulation of ammonium particles in fine and coarse aeorosols. On the other hand, the mean concentration of NO"3^- (1.8+/-1.2@mgm^-^3) was lower than that in the urban atmosphere. Non-sea-salt SO"4^2^- were derived from combustion sources and marine biological processes, the latter accounting to 0-38%. Nitrate in coarse mode was associated with Ca^2^+ and Na^+ perhaps due to replacement reactions. Our estimates of the annual atmospheric aerosol deposition fluxes of NH"4^+ and NO"3^- to the East China Sea were 270GgNyr^-^1 and 160GgNyr^-^1, respectively. These atmospheric inputs are comparable to the riverine inputs of the Changjiang River. The total combined nitrogen deposition could account for a biological fixation of about 2.5TgC (approximately 0.1-9% of the new production) in the East China Sea annually, which could actually be larger since the autumn season experience minimal dust storms.

Potential for biodegradation of anthropogenic organic compounds at low temperature in boreal soils [An article from: Soil Biology and Biochemistry]

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Potential for biodegradation of anthropogenic organic compounds at low temperature in boreal soils [An article from: Soil Biology and Biochemistry]
J. Kurola , and M. Salkinoja-Salonen
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B000PDU2BO

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Soil Biology and Biochemistry, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The effect of temperatures of -2.5 to +20^oC on the biodegradation of concentrations 0.2-50@mgcm^-^3 of pentachlorophenol (PCP), phenanthrene, pyrene and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) was studied in soils sampled from an agricultural field and a relatively pristine forest in Helsinki, Finland. At the temperatures simulating seasonal variation of boreal soil temperatures [Heikinheimo, M., Fougstedt, B., 1992. Statistic of Soil Temperature in Finland. Meteorological Publications 22. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland], the response of mineralization of PCP, phenanthrene and 2,4,5-TCP was the most effective in the rhizosphere fraction of the forest humus soil at the substrate concentrations of = <5@mgcm^-^3. In the control incubation, performed at constant temperature of +20^oC, the mineralization yields of the model pollutants were highest in the agricultural soil with the highest applied substrate concentration (50@mgcm^-^3). The results suggest that the high level of pollutant mineralization at +20^oC resulted from the apparent adaptation of the soil microbial community to the high substrate concentration. No such adaptation occurred when the soils were incubated at temperatures simulating the actual boreal soil temperatures. The present results stress the role of adjusting the incubation conditions to environmentally relevant values, when assessing biodegradation of anthropogenic organic compound in boreal soils.

Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for industrial and anthropogenic waste-indicator compounds ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]

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Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for industrial and anthropogenic waste-indicator compounds ... [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta]
M.R. Burkhardt , R.C. ReVello , S.G. Smith , and S Zaugg
Manufacturer: Elsevier
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital

Book Description

This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A broad range of organic compounds is recognized as environmentally relevant for their potential adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. This method was developed to better determine the distribution of 61 compounds that are typically associated with industrial and household waste as well as some that are toxic and known (or suspected) for endocrine-disrupting potential extracted from environmental sediment samples. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled with solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to reduce sample preparation time, reduce solvent consumption to one-fifth of that required using dichloromethane-based Soxhlet extraction, and to minimize background interferences for full scan GC/MS analysis. Recoveries from spiked Ottawa sand, commercially available topsoil, and environmental stream sediment, fortified at 4-720@mg per compound, averaged 76+/-13%. Initial method detection limits for single-component compounds ranged from 12.5 to 520@mg/kg, based on 25g samples. Results from 103 environmental sediment samples show that 36 out of 61 compounds (59%) were detected in at least one sample with concentrations ranging from 20 to 100,000@mg/kg. The most frequently detected compound, beta-sitosterol, a plant sterol, was detected in 87 of the 103 (84.5%) environmental samples with a concentration range 360-100,000@mg/kg. Results for a standard reference material using dichloromethane Soxhlet-based extraction are also compared.

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Anthropogenic Compounds

Manufacturer: Springer Verlag
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

General & Reference | Chemistry | Science | Subjects | Books

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Anthropogenic Compounds

Manufacturer: Springer Verlag
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 354053198X

The distribution of natural and anthropogenic elements and compounds in precipitation across the U.S: Theory and quantitative models

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The distribution of natural and anthropogenic elements and compounds in precipitation across the U.S: Theory and quantitative models
Thomas G Wolaver
Manufacturer: Division of Ecological Research, Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

Weather | Environment | Outdoors & Nature | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B00071Z4NA

Book Description

Acclaimed in all six prior editions for being clear, concise, and comprehensive, A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC covers all of the standard topics for any introductory logic course in neatly-packaged learning units. Known for its concise, direct style that emphasizes clarity, this market-leading text avoids the peculiar quirks, technicalities, and wordiness of other logic texts. Integrated technology such as a CD-ROM, Web-based material, and InfoTrac College Edition make for a complete teaching and learning system.

Customer Reviews:

A concise Intro t Logic.......2007-09-04

Very specific definitions and a good text for review of a systematic approach to learning logic.

Great book for intro to logic.......2007-08-28

Easy to follow. Great when one does the excersizes. Book + Good teacher = success!

The Received Wisdom.......2007-06-03

With the advent of mass scale personal computing in the early 1980's, Logic acquired a new aura of reverence from the lords and administrators of academia. After all, Logicians invented the computer, didn't they? And computer "languages" are second-order languages, aren't they? I mean to say - your computer thinks, talks, and breathes Logic. That's part of the reason why at some schools, undergrads can now fulfill their math requirement with an Intro Logic course, why it's a requirement for graduation at others, necessary transfer credit for others. More and more students are taking Logic than ever before.
But Logic's status in the cannon is not new. Back in the late middle ages, when that quintessentially occidental innovation - higher education - began, in places like Paris, Oxford, Cambridge, and Hiedlberg, Logicians ruled the roost. In those days, the students, male monks, would spend their afternoons engaged in the Disputatio, a marathon session of argument, in which the finer points in Aristotle's Prior and Posterior Analytics (which comprise a good deal of what is discussed in Hurley) were bounced back and forth, with verbal thrusts and parries, that went by names such as Tu Quo Que and Ad Ignoratum.
Today, we have progressed to a degree, and Logic is a vast and vibrant field and discipline. Hurley is the most used introductory Logic text in the USA, probably the world. It is thought of as the standard text, supplanting Copi, used for many years. I have taught Hurley, the text used at my school, through three editions, since 2001.
My conclusion (as Hurley is wont to call that part of the argument that we in America generally refer to as the "claim") is that the perfect introductory logic textbook has yet to be written and likely will never be. That being the case, on the positive side of the ledger, Hurley is as good as it gets. The basics, if somewhat obliquely, are set forth in reasonably ordered, digestible chunks. There are practice exercises at the end of each section (while not nearly enough in most instances, more than in any of the other texts I've perused). More or less successful attempts are made to explain the way in which logic works. A paucity of space is given "the whys and wherefores". The standard introductory material (comprising surprisingly only about 67% of this ambitious book) is presented in traditional fashion, according to the basic instances of necessity in formal logic: first, entailment, then equivalence, then consistency (proof). There is a brief and difficult section on informal logic early on in the text. The book is written from a pragmatic and empiricist perspective, characteristic of the Deweyian style pedagogy embraced by most of the educators of Hurley's generation. I will say, despite its many flaws, Hurley made me the Logic teacher I am today, far more than any of the courses I took as a student. I learned to teach Logic, teaching Hurley.
Now - I will briefly vent my copious frustrations. The book is of uneven quality. Certain facets are superb, like the "strategies" at the end of the sections on natural deduction, and the glossary of key terms at the end of the text. And Hurley has a real talent for constructing helpful charts, which is generally evident. Others, such the crucial and challenging section on translation syntax (the rules delineated in section 4.7), tacked onto the tail-end of the section on Categorical Logic as an afterthought, are hidden in the flow of the text, rather than boldly set off, in flashing neon, as they should be. Others, such as the chapter on informal logic, are dated and inept. And a few, such as the section on Sorities are elliptical, simply atrocious, and must be supplemented by other material in the classroom for a decent explanation. Hurley shares in that circumambulatory obfuscation of the language that seems peculiarly endemic to Logicians and Mathematicians, which is, to say in the words of W.H. Auden, "loquacious when the watercourse is dry". And Hurley's prose is dry - like shredded wheat, without the milk. Boring. More seriously, as mentioned, this breed of writer has always seemed to me elliptical or evasive at critical points in the exposition, perhaps indicative of that philosophical den of iniquity from which they emerge. Prime example: Hurley is asking questions in the homework exercises in the first chapter, on page 49, which require an explanation of validity in conditional forms. Nowhere is this basic explanation to be found until page 322! Thus, one must empathize with the student who, in his review, claimed that the book "stinks" and that one must have the guidance of a qualified teacher to understand the subject. Hurley does put a burden on the underpaid teacher. And, as another reviewer points out, there are numerous errors in the answer keys which have remained uncorrected through a number of editions. Also, I preferred the more compact size of the answer key - Wadsworth went nuts with these "workbook style" versions, which don't work in my briefcase.
However, at the end of the day, it must be conceded that, as introductory logic courses are forcing houses for a certain type intellectual acumen deemed desirable at this juncture in the development of civilization, Hurley is up to the task.

Logic.......2007-02-08

This is an excellent book for students of logic. It covers all the essential material that would be presented in most college logic courses. I found the text to be very comprehensive and easy to understand.

THIS BOOK STINKS!!!.......2007-01-04

If you have to take a class that requires this text, drop the class. The only thing that can save you is an excellent teacher and good notes. Not only does the text contradict itself, but the professor's answer key isn't always correct. Even within the same edition, there were differences between books. I DO NOT recommend purchasing this book.

First-Order Logic: A Concise Introduction (The Jones and Barlett Series in Logic and Scientific Method)

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First-Order Logic: A Concise Introduction (The Jones and Barlett Series in Logic and Scientific Method)
John Heil
Manufacturer: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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A Concise Introduction to Mathematical Logic (Universitext)

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A Concise Introduction to Mathematical Logic (Universitext)
Wolfgang Rautenberg
Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0387302948

Book Description

Traditional logic as a part of philosophy is one of the oldest scientific disciplines. Mathematical logic, however, is a relatively young discipline and arose from the endeavors of Peano, Frege, Russell and others to create a logistic foundation for mathematics. It steadily developed during the 20th century into a broad discipline with several sub-areas and numerous applications in mathematics, informatics, linguistics and philosophy. While there are already several well-known textbooks on mathematical logic, this book is unique in that it is much more concise than most others, and the material is treated in a streamlined fashion which allows the professor to cover many important topics in a one semester course. Although the book is intended for use as a graduate text, the first three chapters could be understood by undergraduates interested in mathematical logic. These initial chapters cover just the material for an introductory course on mathematical logic combined with the necessary material from set theory. This material is of a descriptive nature, providing a view towards decision problems, automated theorem proving, non-standard models and other subjects. The remaining chapters contain material on logic programming for computer scientists, model theory, recursion theory, Godel’s Incompleteness Theorems, and applications of mathematical logic. Philosophical and foundational problems of mathematics are discussed throughout the text. The author has provided exercises for each chapter, as well as hints to selected exercises. About the German edition: …The book can be useful to the student and lecturer who prepares a mathematical logic course at the university. What a pity that the book is not written in a universal scientific language which mankind has not yet created. - A.Nabebin, Zentralblatt

A Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics (Chapman Hall/Crc Mathematics) (Chapman Hall/Crc Mathematics)

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The missing link

A Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics (Chapman Hall/Crc Mathematics) (Chapman Hall/Crc Mathematics)
Martin Liebeck
Manufacturer: Chapman & Hall/CRC
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 1584885475

Book Description

A Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics, Second Edition provides a robust bridge between high school and university mathematics, expanding upon basic topics in ways that will interest first-year students in mathematics and related fields and stimulate further study. Divided into 22 short chapters, this textbook offers a selection of exercises ranging from routine calculations to quite challenging problems. The author discusses real and complex numbers and explains how these concepts are applied in solving natural problems. He introduces topics in analysis, geometry, number theory, and combinatorics. What's New in the Second Edition: · Contains extra material concerning prime numbers, forming the basis for data encryption · Explores "Secret Codes" - one of today's most spectacular applications of pure mathematics · Discusses Permutations and their importance in many topics in discrete mathematics The textbook allows for the design of courses with various points of emphasis, because it can be divided into four fairly independent sections related to: an introduction to number systems and analysis; theory of the integers; an introduction to discrete mathematics; and functions, relations, and countability.

Customer Reviews:

The missing link.......2000-10-02

I'm not sure how many of us there are out there, but I am one of a breed of consumers of applied mathematics who learned some pretty sophisticated mathematical technology without the rigor of pure mathematics. Although this book is aimed at freshmen entering mathematics programs who need to be inculturated into the world of pure mathematics, I found it to be the crucial link I needed to advance my own applied mathematical training. I reached a point where I was ready to move from applied texts to the more cryptic world of math texts written for graduate mathematicians. Unfortunately, I was not properly trained to decypher their special language and way of doing things, particularly that of the formal proof. I found reading introductory texts in analysis to be like trying to learn Japanese from books which were themselves written in Japanese. Then I found this wonderful little text. It made things much more accessible to me and helped me crack enough of the code where I could find my way around those analysis texts, which in turn allowed me to move on to the graduate math texts containing the methods I am studying now. The book is a bit high priced for its size, but for me it was well worth it.

Book Description

In the 1920s, Asakusa was to Tokyo what Montmartre had been to 1890s Paris and Times Square was to be to 1940s New York. Available in English for the first time, The Scarlet Gang of Asakusa, by Nobel Prize winner Yasunari Kawabata, captures the decadent allure of this entertainment district, where beggars and teenage prostitutes mixed with revue dancers and famous authors. Originally serialized in a Tokyo daily newspaper in 1929 and 1930, this vibrant novel uses unorthodox, kinetic literary techniques to reflect the raw energy of Asakusa, seen through the eyes of a wandering narrator and the cast of mostly female juvenile delinquents who show him their way of life. Markedly different from Kawabata's later work, The Scarlet Gang of Asakusa shows this important writer in a new light. The annotated edition of this little-known literary gem includes the original illustrations by Ota Saburo. The annotations illuminate Tokyo society and Japanese literature, bringing this fascinating piece of Japanese modernism at last to a wide audience.

Customer Reviews:

Scarlet, Black and Blue.......2006-09-20

The bruised characters of the underbelly of Asakusa Tokyo life are introduced to us in this early book by the brilliant author Yasunari Kawabata. This first English translation of the master's work contains some "extras"- ncluding Donald Richie's memories of a first meeting with the author.

This was my first introduction to Kawabata, and was a wonderful read. It made me want to know more about the time and that world, and to read more Kawabata-an author I have learned to deeply respect and admire and cherish.

Fascinating early effort by Kawabata; not really about gangs........2005-08-18

The Scarlet Gang of Asakusa was one of Kawabata's earlier works, written after he had already achieved some recognition in Japan with The Izu Dancer, but well before his worldwide breakthrough Snow Country. The novel (now translated into English for the first time ever) takes place in a thriving entertainment district in Tokyo, at a time when Japan was rapidly industrializing, building universities, importing Western technology and making its own, in order to establish itself as a world power. Kawabata's choice of setting was especially well-suited for capturing the spirit of these times, because a place like Asakusa was a perfect illustration of the way the Japanese culture itself was changing: jazz music and flapper dresses became popular, music-halls and vaudeville theatres edged out traditional forms of entertainment, and gender roles were suddenly much less rigid, ambiguity was fashionable, images of ennui-ridden "modern boys" and provocative, alluringly dangerous "modern girls" became so iconic that the words designating them ("mobo" and "moga") entered everyday vernacular. This novel can be read as a valuable document of this interesting and short-lived period in Japanese history.

Nominally, the story revolves around The Scarlet Gang, one of many youth gangs running around Asakusa at the time. Their exploits are related by a nameless, first-person narrator, whose association with members of the gang gives him an excuse to wander around Asakusa and observe various aspects of life there, in a detached and casual manner. Often, the things he sees are unrelated to each other, and he flits from place to place without lingering anywhere for too long, which makes his account seem more like a set of anecdotes about Asakusa life than like a coherent narrative. In fact, the role in the plot of The Scarlet Gang itself is secondary to these anecdotes. The narrator hints that the gang is involved with criminal activities, but never really explains what those activities are, or how the gang profits from them, or even what people are actually in the gang. Only a few members of the gang are encountered in the book, and when they do appear, they're not doing anything gang-related.

It seems that the gang's sole purpose is to give a certain outlaw mystique to its members. Although the ostensible goal of the book may be to create a general portrait of Asakusa life, Kawabata is drawn to deeply introspective, intensely personal stories, as he was in every work he ever wrote. So, when a few distinct plot threads begin to emerge from the book's seemingly formless narrative, they all deal with very specific, individual passions and emotions. The longest of these coalesces around Yumiko, Asakusa slum dweller and prominent member of The Scarlet Gang; her sister, we learn, was seduced and abandoned by a certain man, and eventually Yumiko meets this man, entices him, and takes revenge.

Yumiko is a strange character. She knows the score, talks cynically about prostitutes and gang leaders, like nothing can shock her anymore; her gang affiliation and short haircut serve to establish her as a thoroughly modern girl. Kawabata describes her as possessing a "coarse, adult carnality," and her earthy speech implies that she's highly experienced at using it for her own ends. But then, we learn that she's actually a virgin; she simultaneously shuns and yearns for intimacy, and speaks sorrowfully of her inability to feel attraction towards anyone. This sudden image of disturbed purity does not resemble the stereotype of the "modern girl" at all, but it does greatly resemble all of Kawabata's heroines. Here the author abandons the character of his chosen setting, in favour of one of his own major themes, and in fact, the story only gains power from it.

The other main plot threads also contain haunting depictions of individual turmoil. In one, a pimp known as Left-Handed Hiko acquires and exploits an underage prostitute (a common occurrence in Asakusa, Kawabata implies). However, the way this scenario plays out is anything but common. Although the girl is selling her body, she shows herself to be so inexperienced in worldly matters that she genuinely believes Hiko's smooth-talking and empty promises. Her innocence so astonishes him that he is overcome by intense guilt, then by fear, and finally flees.

Some of the shorter asides are also striking, like the one enumerating the love affairs of a low-level thug named Umekichi; the increasingly sleazy nature of these liaisons is first shocking and then profoundly sad, so much so that there's something unsatisfying about the way the description glibly, quickly tosses them off. Each item on the list of "confessions" hints at depths of passion that could have filled a novel in their own right, but the narrator moves on after having only skimmed the surface. Still, the countless anecdotes interspersed between the main plot threads serve to give a jaunty, devil-may-care demeanour to the story, and the narrator's flippant voice maintains the vibrant feel that Kawabata perceived in Asakusa life, in spite of the more brooding sections.

The back cover and the foreword claim that this is a modernist book, but that might lead one to expect it to be more difficult than it actually is. For instance, the foreword emphasizes the narrator's self-referential turns of phrase, like how he frequently addresses the "dear reader" directly. But this practice can be found in Western literature and poetry before the advent of modernism, where it was used for its humour value, much like it is here. The foreword also interprets the episodic nature of the story as evidence of modernism, but, as the foreword itself points out, the book was being serialized in a newspaper even as it was being written; such a style of writing was especially well-suited for such a format. Perhaps the book makes more sense if one views it as a collection of loosely connected short stories, some longer than others, rather than a novel; and in that case, it again has many precedents in the nineteenth century.

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